Johnson J A, Germer C K, Efran J S, Overton W F
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, DuBois 15801.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Nov;55(5):824-35. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.824.
Four groups of behavioral scientists with divergent theoretical persuasions--43 sociobiologists, 25 behaviorists, 35 personality psychologists, and 16 human developmentalists--showed significantly different mean scores on two measures of philosophical assumptions: the World Hypothesis Scale (WHS) and the Organicism-Mechanism Paradigm Inventory (OMPI). The OMPI, which appears to be more psychometrically sound than the WHS, showed in 12 additional groups of subjects (N = 622) consistent correlations with self-report and peer ratings of personality, intellectual and interpersonal style, and occupational interests. Taken together, the two studies suggest that behavioral scientists' philosophical presuppositions (e.g., whether reality is better described by stable, isolated elements or changing holistic patterns; and whether persons are passive and reactive or purposive and active) may mirror their views of themselves.
四组持有不同理论观点的行为科学家——43名社会生物学家、25名行为主义者、35名人格心理学家和16名人类发展学家——在两项哲学假设测量指标上的平均得分存在显著差异：世界假设量表（WHS）和有机主义 - 机械主义范式量表（OMPI）。OMPI在心理测量方面似乎比WHS更合理，在另外12组受试者（N = 622）中，它与人格、智力和人际风格以及职业兴趣的自我报告和同伴评价呈现出一致的相关性。综合来看，这两项研究表明，行为科学家的哲学预设（例如，现实更适合用稳定、孤立的元素还是变化的整体模式来描述；以及人是被动反应的还是有目的、主动的）可能反映了他们对自身的看法。
