University of Limoges, Laboratory PEIRENE, 87060, Limoges CEDEX, France.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2020 Apr 1;19(4):445-461. doi: 10.1039/c9pp00398c. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multi-drug resistant strains, leading to expensive, toxic and, in some cases, ineffective antimicrobial treatments. Given this outlook, researchers are willing to investigate novel antimicrobial treatments that may be able to deal with antimicrobial resistance, namely photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and a photosensitizer (PS) molecule. PDT has been known for almost a century, but most of its applications have been directed towards the treatment of cancer and topical diseases. Unlike classical antimicrobial chemotherapy treatments, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has a non-target specific mechanism of action, based on the generation of ROS, working against cellular membranes, walls, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. This non-specific mechanism diminishes the chances of bacteria developing resistance. However, PSs usually are large molecules, prone to aggregation, diminishing their efficiency. This review will report the development of materials obtained from natural sources, as delivery systems for photosensitizing molecules against microorganisms. The present work emphasizes on the biological results rather than on the synthesis routes to prepare the conjugates. Also, it discusses the current state of the art, providing our perspective on the field.
抗菌药物耐药性正在威胁着上世纪的医学进步。以前已经消灭的传染病现在由于多药耐药株而重新出现，导致昂贵、有毒且在某些情况下无效的抗菌药物治疗。鉴于这种情况，研究人员愿意研究新的抗菌药物治疗方法，这些方法可能能够应对抗菌药物耐药性，即光动力疗法（PDT）。PDT 依赖于在光和光敏剂（PS）分子存在下产生有毒的活性氧（ROS）。PDT 已经存在了近一个世纪，但它的大多数应用都集中在癌症和局部疾病的治疗上。与传统的抗菌化学疗法不同，光动力抗菌化学疗法（PACT）具有非靶向特异性的作用机制，基于 ROS 的产生，针对细胞膜、细胞壁、蛋白质、脂质和核酸发挥作用。这种非特异性机制降低了细菌产生耐药性的可能性。然而，PS 通常是大分子，容易聚集，降低了它们的效率。本综述将报告从天然来源获得的材料的发展情况，作为针对微生物的光敏分子的递送系统。目前的工作强调生物学结果，而不是制备缀合物的合成途径。此外，还讨论了该领域的最新进展，提供了我们的观点。
