Jordalen Gro, Lemyre Pierre-Nicolas, Durand-Bush Natalie, Ivarsson Andreas
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
University of Calgary.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2020 Feb 27;42(2):102-113. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0143. Print 2020 Apr 1.
Mechanisms leading to cognitive energy depletion in performance settings such as high-level sports highlight likely associations between individuals' self-control capacity and their motivation. Investigating the temporal ordering of these concepts combining self-determination theory and psychosocial self-control theories, the authors hypothesized that athletes' self-control capacity would be more influenced by their motivation than vice versa and that autonomous and controlled types of motivation would predict self-control capacity positively and negatively, respectively. High-level winter-sport athletes from Norwegian elite sport colleges (N = 321; 16-20 years) consented to participate. Using Bayesian structural equation modeling and 3-wave analyses, findings revealed credible self-control → motivation → self-control cross-lagged effects. Athletes' trait self-control especially initiated the temporal ordering of the least controlled types of motivation (i.e., intrinsic, integrated, and amotivation). Findings indicate that practicing self-control competencies and promoting athletes' autonomous types of motivation are important components in the development toward the elite level. These components will help athletes maintain their persistent goal striving by increasing the value and inherent satisfaction of the development process, avoiding the debilitating effects of self-control depletion and exhaustion.
在高水平运动等表现情境中导致认知能量消耗的机制，凸显了个体自我控制能力与其动机之间可能存在的关联。结合自我决定理论和社会心理自我控制理论来研究这些概念的时间顺序，作者假设运动员的自我控制能力受其动机的影响更大，反之则不然，并且自主型和受控型动机将分别正向和负向预测自我控制能力。来自挪威精英体育学院的高水平冬季运动运动员（N = 321；16 - 20岁）同意参与研究。使用贝叶斯结构方程建模和三波分析，研究结果揭示了可信的自我控制→动机→自我控制交叉滞后效应。运动员的特质自我控制尤其启动了最不受控的动机类型（即内在动机、整合动机和无动机）的时间顺序。研究结果表明，练习自我控制能力和促进运动员的自主型动机是向精英水平发展的重要组成部分。这些组成部分将帮助运动员通过增加发展过程的价值和内在满意度来保持持续的目标追求，避免自我控制消耗和疲惫的削弱作用。
