Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENCSM, Montpellier, France.
University Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Apr 17;48(7):3400-3422. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa132.
In analogy to split-protein systems, which rely on the appropriate fragmentation of protein domains, split aptamers made of two or more short nucleic acid strands have emerged as novel tools in biosensor set-ups. The concept relies on dissecting an aptamer into a series of two or more independent fragments, able to assemble in the presence of a specific target. The stability of the assembled structure can further be enhanced by functionalities that upon folding would lead to covalent end-joining of the fragments. To date, only a few aptamers have been split successfully, and application of split aptamers in biosensing approaches remains as promising as it is challenging. Further improving the stability of split aptamer target complexes and with that the sensitivity as well as efficient working modes are important tasks. Here we review functional nucleic acid assemblies that are derived from aptamers and ribozymes/DNAzymes. We focus on the thrombin, the adenosine/ATP and the cocaine split aptamers as the three most studied DNA split systems and on split DNAzyme assemblies. Furthermore, we extend the subject into split light up RNA aptamers used as mimics of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and split ribozymes.
与依赖于蛋白质结构域适当断裂的分裂蛋白系统类似，由两条或更多短核酸链组成的分裂适体已成为生物传感器装置中的新型工具。该概念依赖于将适体切割成一系列两个或更多个独立的片段，这些片段能够在特定靶标存在下组装。通过能够在折叠时导致片段共价末端连接的功能，可以进一步增强组装结构的稳定性。迄今为止，只有少数适体被成功分裂，并且分裂适体在生物传感方法中的应用仍然具有挑战性和广阔的前景。进一步提高分裂适体靶复合物的稳定性，以及提高灵敏度和有效的工作模式是重要任务。在这里，我们综述了源自适体和核酶/DNA 酶的功能核酸组装体。我们重点介绍了凝血酶、腺苷/ATP 和可卡因分裂适体作为研究最广泛的三个 DNA 分裂系统，以及分裂 DNA 酶组装体。此外，我们将这一主题扩展到用作绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 模拟物的分裂亮 RNA 适体和分裂核酶。
