Fouad Ashraf F, Khan Asma A, Silva Renato M, Kang Mo K
Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
Front Physiol. 2020 Feb 4;11:21. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00021. eCollection 2020.
Pulpal and periapical diseases affect a large segment of the population. The role of microbial infections and host effector molecules in these diseases is well established. However, the interaction between host genes and environmental factors in disease susceptibility and progression is less well understood. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in disease relevant genes have suggested that individual predisposition may contribute to susceptibility to pulpal and periapical diseases. Other studies have explored the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to these diseases. Ongoing research expands the spectrum of non-coding RNAs in pulpal disease to include viral microRNAs as well. This review summarizes recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of pulpal and periapical disease, with special emphasis on recent data that address the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpal pathosis and apical periodontitis. Specifically, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression and gene polymorphism, as well as recent data on DNA methylation and microRNAs are reviewed. Improved understanding of these mechanisms may aid in disease prevention as well as in improved treatment outcomes.
牙髓病和根尖周病影响着很大一部分人群。微生物感染和宿主效应分子在这些疾病中的作用已得到充分证实。然而，宿主基因与环境因素在疾病易感性和进展中的相互作用尚不太清楚。对疾病相关基因中基因多态性的研究表明，个体易感性可能导致牙髓病和根尖周病的易感性。其他研究探讨了表观遗传机制对这些疾病的影响。正在进行的研究将牙髓病中非编码RNA的范围扩大到包括病毒微小RNA。本综述总结了牙髓病和根尖周病在遗传和表观遗传特征方面的最新进展，特别强调了关于不可逆性牙髓病变和根尖周炎发病机制的最新数据。具体而言，综述了促炎和抗炎基因表达及基因多态性，以及DNA甲基化和微小RNA的最新数据。对这些机制的深入了解可能有助于疾病预防以及改善治疗效果。
