Racionero-Plaza Sandra, Ugalde Leire, Merodio Guiomar, Gutiérrez-Fernández Nerea
Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Feb 6;10:3070. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03070. eCollection 2019.
Research in psychology has evidenced both the prevalence of gender-based violence among youth worldwide and the negative impacts that such violence has on the victims' mental and physical health. Neuroscience has proven that violent intimate relationships harm the brain, while very simple social experiences can change the brain architecture in positive directions. Also, interventions that have been demonstrated to be successful in preventing and responding to gender violence in adolescence have been informed by psychology. This article reviews the social impact of psychology in the field of teen gender violence and then reports on the potential social impact achieved by an intervention study consisting of seven interventions framed by the research line on the preventive socialization of gender violence. The program was addressed to 15- and 16-year-old adolescents and focused on supporting free reconstruction of mental and affective models of attractiveness via critical analysis of the , which links attraction to violence. The communicative methodology involved working with an Advisory Committee from the beginning of the study, as well as continuous dialog between the researchers and the participants, which was used to refine subsequent interventions. The results show that the program contributed to raising participants' critical consciousness regarding the dominant coercive discourse in their life, provided the participant subjects with cognitive tools to better understand their own and others' sexual-affective thinking, emotions, and behaviors, in favor of rejecting violence, and supported the modification of female adolescents' sexual preferences for different types of men. Importantly, the findings also indicate that the interventions aided some participants' use of the knowledge gained in the project to help their friends and communities in reflecting upon coercive patterns of sexual attraction, the quality of their intimate relationships, and the different effects of sexual violence and toxic relationships on health. Some individuals reported leaving toxic relationships after the interventions. This intervention research illustrates Santiago Ramón y Cajal's metaphor, employed to explain plasticity: that every person, if s/he decides it, can be the architect of her or his own brain. With evidence-based cognitive tools within the reach of every adolescent, and upon individual free choice for transformation, a new sexual-affective socialization free from violence is possible.
心理学研究已证实，全球青少年中基于性别的暴力行为普遍存在，且此类暴力行为会对受害者的身心健康产生负面影响。神经科学已经证明，暴力亲密关系会损害大脑，而非常简单的社交经历则可以使大脑结构朝着积极的方向改变。此外，心理学也为已被证明在预防和应对青少年性别暴力方面取得成功的干预措施提供了依据。本文回顾了心理学在青少年性别暴力领域的社会影响，然后报告了一项干预研究取得的潜在社会影响，该研究包括由性别暴力预防性社会化研究方向构建的七种干预措施。该项目针对15至16岁的青少年，重点是通过对将吸引力与暴力联系起来的 进行批判性分析，支持对吸引力的心理和情感模型进行自由重构。交流方法包括从研究一开始就与一个咨询委员会合作，以及研究人员与参与者之间的持续对话，后者被用于完善后续的干预措施。结果表明，该项目有助于提高参与者对其生活中占主导地位的强制性话语的批判意识，为参与主体提供认知工具，以更好地理解他们自己以及他人的性情感思维、情感和行为，从而有利于拒绝暴力，并支持改变女性青少年对不同类型男性的性偏好。重要的是，研究结果还表明，这些干预措施帮助一些参与者利用在项目中获得的知识，帮助他们的朋友和社区反思性吸引力的强制模式、亲密关系的质量，以及性暴力和有害关系对健康的不同影响。一些人报告说在干预措施实施后离开了有害关系。这项干预研究阐释了圣地亚哥·拉蒙·伊·卡哈尔用来解释可塑性的比喻：即每个人，如果他或她决定这样做，都可以成为自己大脑的建筑师。凭借每一位青少年都能获得的基于证据的认知工具，以及个人对转变的自由选择，一种没有暴力的新型性情感社会化是可能的。
