Tkacz Andrzej, Pini Francesco, Turner Thomas R, Bestion Eloïne, Simmonds James, Howell Phil, Greenland Andy, Cheema Jitender, Emms David M, Uauy Cristobal, Poole Philip S
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Feb 6;11:132. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00132. eCollection 2020.
The influence of wheat (modern wheat, both bread and pasta, their wild ancestors and synthetic hybrids) on the microbiota of their roots and surrounding soil is characterized. We isolated lines of bread wheat by hybridizing diploid () with tetraploid and crossed it with a modern cultivar of . The newly created, synthetic hybrid wheat, which recapitulate the breeding history of wheat through artificial selection, is found to support a microbiome enriched in beneficial Glomeromycetes fungi, but also in, potentially detrimental, Nematoda. We hypothesize that during wheat domestication this plant-microbe interaction diminished, suggesting an evolutionary tradeoff; sacrificing advantageous nutrient acquisition through fungal interactions to minimize interaction with pathogenic fungi. Increased plant selection for Glomeromycetes and Nematoda is correlated with the D genome derived from . Despite differences in their soil microbiota communities, overall wheat plants consistently show a low ratio of eukaryotes to prokaryotes. We propose that this is a mechanism for protection against soil-borne fungal disease and appears to be deeply rooted in the wheat genome. We suggest that the influence of plants on the composition of their associated microbiota is an integral factor, hitherto overlooked, but intrinsic to selection during wheat domestication.
研究了小麦（现代小麦，包括面包小麦和意大利面用小麦、它们的野生祖先以及人工合成杂种）对其根系和周围土壤微生物群的影响。我们通过将二倍体（）与四倍体杂交来分离面包小麦品系，并将其与现代品种杂交。新培育的人工合成杂种小麦通过人工选择重现了小麦的育种历史，结果发现它支持一个富含有益球囊菌纲真菌但也含有潜在有害线虫的微生物群落。我们推测，在小麦驯化过程中，这种植物 - 微生物相互作用减弱，这表明存在一种进化权衡；即牺牲通过真菌相互作用获取的有利养分，以尽量减少与致病真菌的相互作用。对球囊菌纲和线虫的植物选择增加与源自的D基因组相关。尽管它们的土壤微生物群落存在差异，但总体而言，小麦植株的真核生物与原核生物比例始终较低。我们认为这是一种抵御土传真菌病害的机制，并且似乎深深植根于小麦基因组中。我们提出，植物对其相关微生物群组成的影响是一个迄今为止被忽视但在小麦驯化选择过程中不可或缺的因素。
