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小麦 D 基因组的起源与进化。

Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome.

机构信息

Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

出版信息

Nature. 2024 Sep;633(8031):848-855. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07808-z. Epub 2024 Aug 14.

DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-07808-z
PMID:39143210
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11424481/
Abstract

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories and proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread wheat shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication and breeding bottlenecks. Wild wheat relatives represent genetic reservoirs, and harbour diversity and beneficial alleles that have not been incorporated into bread wheat. Here we establish and analyse extensive genome resources for Tausch's goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), the donor of the bread wheat D genome. Our analysis of 46 Ae. tauschii genomes enabled us to clone a disease resistance gene and perform haplotype analysis across a complex disease resistance locus, allowing us to discern alleles from paralogous gene copies. We also reveal the complex genetic composition and history of the bread wheat D genome, which involves contributions from genetically and geographically discrete Ae. tauschii subpopulations. Together, our results reveal the complex history of the bread wheat D genome and demonstrate the potential of wild relatives in crop improvement.

摘要

普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）是全球主要的作物之一，也是人类饮食中卡路里和蛋白质的主要来源。与野生祖先相比，现代普通小麦由于多倍体化、驯化和繁殖瓶颈的影响，表现出较低的遗传多样性。野生小麦近缘种是遗传资源库，蕴藏着尚未融入普通小麦的多样性和有益等位基因。在这里，我们为普通小麦 D 基因组的供体粗山羊草（Aegilops tauschii）建立并分析了广泛的基因组资源。我们对 46 个粗山羊草基因组的分析使我们能够克隆一个抗病基因，并对一个复杂的抗病基因座进行单倍型分析，从而能够区分来自同源基因拷贝的等位基因。我们还揭示了普通小麦 D 基因组的复杂遗传组成和历史，其中涉及来自遗传和地理上离散的粗山羊草亚种群的贡献。总之，我们的研究结果揭示了普通小麦 D 基因组的复杂历史，并展示了野生近缘种在作物改良中的潜力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/04117ff2e5bd/41586_2024_7808_Fig13_ESM.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/04117ff2e5bd/41586_2024_7808_Fig13_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/be7aba0664f8/41586_2024_7808_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/62a0d5aa5246/41586_2024_7808_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/6718341a3ef5/41586_2024_7808_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/0b94ff6a3d31/41586_2024_7808_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/24d714f4f876/41586_2024_7808_Fig5_ESM.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/4fee6ea5639a/41586_2024_7808_Fig7_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/2775b89fc3be/41586_2024_7808_Fig8_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/fc0d8ab45c5d/41586_2024_7808_Fig9_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/22996512553b/41586_2024_7808_Fig10_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/8aca0273e1d3/41586_2024_7808_Fig11_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/68ac121a1a68/41586_2024_7808_Fig12_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ec17/11424481/04117ff2e5bd/41586_2024_7808_Fig13_ESM.jpg

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