Vorontsova E V, Vorontsov A L
The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The South Western State University" of the Minobrnauka of Russia, 305040 Kursk, Russia,
The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The South Western State University" of the Minobrnauka of Russia, 305040 Kursk, Russia.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2020 Jan;28(1):139-144. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-1-139-144.
The article considers historical characteristics of process of origin and formation of the health care system in Russia as process of state organizational activities. The starting point of the mentioned process is determined the period of the second half of XVI century that initiated becoming of institutional foundations of the whole health care system in Russia establishing the priority of state power initiative in becoming and development of the given processes. The significant role of foreign factor in development of medicine business in Russia during the given historical period is emphasized. The role of English medical men in popularization of European practice of medical treatment at the Tsar's court and in becoming of state institutions of health care is specially emphasized. At that, the state character of formation of health care system in Russia is stressed and is considered as national feature related to paternalistic character of the state authority itself. The specific facts of history of becoming of national health care system are considered in the context of universal historical development. On the whole, the period of governing of the Russian Tsars of second half of XVI century - Ivan VI the Terrible, Fedor Ioannovich, Boris Godunov, - is considered as unconditionally positive one in the process of becoming of the state medicine in Russia.
本文将俄罗斯医疗保健系统的起源和形成过程的历史特征视为国家组织活动的过程。上述过程的起点确定为16世纪下半叶，这一时期开启了俄罗斯整个医疗保健系统制度基础的形成，确立了国家权力倡议在这一过程形成和发展中的优先地位。强调了外国因素在这一历史时期俄罗斯医学事业发展中的重要作用。特别强调了英国医生在沙皇宫廷推广欧洲医疗实践以及俄罗斯国家医疗保健机构形成过程中的作用。与此同时，强调了俄罗斯医疗保健系统形成的国家性质，并将其视为与国家权力本身家长式特征相关的民族特征。在普遍历史发展的背景下，探讨了国家医疗保健系统形成历史的具体事实。总体而言，16世纪下半叶统治俄罗斯的沙皇时期——伊凡雷帝、费奥多尔·伊万诺维奇、鲍里斯·戈杜诺夫——在俄罗斯国家医学的形成过程中被视为绝对积极的时期。
