Eichner Amy K, Coyles Jon, Fedoruk Matthew, Maxey Timothy D, Lenaghan Robert A, Novitzky Jeff, Lindsey Andrea T, Deuster Patricia A
US Anti-Doping Agency, Colorado Springs, CO.
Major League Baseball, New York, NY.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 May;18(5):178-182. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000595.
The presence of performance-enhancing drugs in dietary supplements poses serious anti-doping and health risks to athletes and military service members. A positive drug test, suboptimal health, or adverse event can ruin a career in either setting. These populations need to be certain in advance that a product is of high quality and free from performance-enhancing drugs and other banned substances. However, no regulatory authority conducts or mandates a quality review before dietary supplements are sold. Under the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Food and Drug Administration does not have a role in the premarket safety review of dietary supplements. Due to the increasing demand for high-quality, properly labeled dietary supplements, multiple companies have stepped into this void by offering testing and quality review programs for dietary supplements. Each of these third-party programs has its own quality assurance program with varying testing components. It is difficult for consumers in the sport and military settings to assess whether a particular certification program reduces the risks enough so that they can use a product with confidence. This article puts forward the consensus of the authors on current best practices for third-party certification programs for dietary supplements consumed by athletes and military service members. Also discussed are important ways that third-party programs can develop in the future to improve access to safe, high-quality dietary supplements for these populations.
膳食补充剂中存在提高成绩的药物，给运动员和军人带来了严重的反兴奋剂和健康风险。药检呈阳性、健康状况欠佳或出现不良事件，都可能毁掉这两类人群中的任何一人的职业生涯。这些人群需要提前确定产品质量上乘，且不含提高成绩的药物和其他违禁物质。然而，在膳食补充剂销售之前，没有监管机构进行或强制要求进行质量审查。根据《食品药品和化妆品法案》，美国食品药品监督管理局在膳食补充剂上市前的安全性审查中没有职责。由于对高质量、标签正确的膳食补充剂的需求不断增加，多家公司通过提供膳食补充剂检测和质量审查项目填补了这一空白。这些第三方项目中的每一个都有自己的质量保证项目，检测内容各不相同。体育界和军队中的消费者很难评估某个特定的认证项目是否能充分降低风险，从而让他们放心使用产品。本文提出了作者们对于运动员和军人食用的膳食补充剂第三方认证项目当前最佳做法的共识。还讨论了第三方项目未来可以发展的重要方式，以便为这些人群提供更多获得安全、高质量膳食补充剂的途径。
