MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Faculty of Information Networking for Innovation and Design, Tokyo University, Tokyo 115-0053, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Apr 7;54(7):4059-4067. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06853. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Some artificial sweeteners (ASs) are used in pig feeds, although little is known on this regard. An investigation was conducted by determining seven common ASs in pig feed, manure, wastewater, compost, and soil from 16 pig farms in Tianjin, China. Saccharin (SAC) was predominant in feed (1.41-326 mg/kg) and manure samples (1.06-401 mg/kg). The annual mass loads of ASs in pig feeds were estimated at 5.69-119, 4.92-149, and 1.29-35 kg per 10 piglets, hogs, and sows, respectively. The annual emission of ASs via biowaste (i.e., manure) was estimated at 3.58-85.2, 0.04-26.2, and 0.08-9.97 kg per 10 capita for the three dominant ASs, i.e., SAC, neotame (NEO), and cyclamate (CYC). On a global scale, SAC was also widely detected at concentrations of 0.01-326 mg/kg in pig feed from China, Switzerland, Japan, Chile, and the United States, suggesting the worldwide use of ASs in pig feed. NEO and CYC were found in 41% and 30% of the feed samples, respectively, at concentrations of 0.05-70 mg/kg, whereas other ASs were barely found with rather lower concentrations. The annual mass loads of ASs consumed via pig feed consumption were estimated at 2400 tons worldwide. Thus, pig farming is an important source of ASs to the environment.
一些人工甜味剂（ASs）被用于猪饲料中，尽管对此知之甚少。本研究在中国天津的 16 个养猪场进行了调查，检测了猪饲料、粪便、废水、堆肥和土壤中的七种常见 ASs。饲料（1.41-326mg/kg）和粪便样品（1.06-401mg/kg）中以糖精（SAC）为主。估计每 10 头仔猪、肥猪和母猪的猪饲料中 ASs 的年质量负荷分别为 5.69-119、4.92-149 和 1.29-35kg。通过生物废物（即粪便）排放的 ASs 年排放量估计为三种主要 ASs（SAC、纽甜（NEO）和甜蜜素（CYC）），每 10 人分别为 3.58-85.2、0.04-26.2 和 0.08-9.97kg。在全球范围内，SAC 也广泛存在于来自中国、瑞士、日本、智利和美国的猪饲料中，浓度为 0.01-326mg/kg，表明全球范围内在猪饲料中使用 ASs。在 41%和 30%的饲料样品中分别发现了 NEO 和 CYC，浓度为 0.05-70mg/kg，而其他 ASs 则很少见，浓度较低。通过猪饲料消费摄入的 ASs 的年质量负荷估计为 2400 吨。因此，养猪业是 ASs 向环境排放的重要来源。
