Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 18;11:211. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00211. eCollection 2020.
The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an oligomeric complex comprised of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and caspase-1. This complex is crucial to the host's defense against microbes as it promotes IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and induces pyroptosis. NLRP3 recognizes variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated during viral replication that triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent antiviral immune responses and facilitates viral eradication. Meanwhile, several viruses have evolved elaborate strategies to evade the immune system by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we will focus on the crosstalk between the NLRP3 inflammasome and viruses, provide an overview of viral infection-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the immune escape strategies of viruses through their modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
NACHT、LRR 和 PYD 结构域包含蛋白 3（NLRP3）炎症小体是一种由 NOD 样受体 NLRP3、衔接蛋白 ASC 和半胱天冬酶-1 组成的寡聚体复合物。该复合物对于宿主抵抗微生物至关重要，因为它促进了 IL-1β 和 IL-18 的分泌，并诱导了细胞焦亡。NLRP3 识别病毒复制过程中产生的多种病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）和危险相关分子模式（DAMPs），触发 NLRP3 炎症小体依赖性抗病毒免疫反应，并促进病毒清除。同时，几种病毒已经进化出了精细的策略，通过靶向 NLRP3 炎症小体来逃避免疫系统。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注 NLRP3 炎症小体与病毒之间的相互作用，概述病毒感染诱导的 NLRP3 炎症小体激活，以及病毒通过调节 NLRP3 炎症小体活性来逃避免疫的策略。
