Cuong Hoang Quoc, Nguyen Ho Xuan, Van Hau Pham, Ha Nguyen Le Khanh, Lan Phan Trong, Mounts Anthony, Nguyen Tran Minh Nhu
Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2019 Dec 28;10(4):39-45. doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2017.8.2.001. eCollection 2019 Oct-Dec.
When Viet Nam launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1981, it covered six vaccines, including measles. Subsequently, Viet Nam experienced a marked reduction in measles infections. A nationwide measles epidemic occurred in April 2014 and an investigation found that 86% of affected children aged 9 months to 10 years were not fully vaccinated; therefore, understanding the reasons for not vaccinating could improve vaccination coverage.
We performed a cross-sectional study to determine vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination among children aged 9 months to 10 years in six districts in Ho Chi Minh City with the highest number of measles cases in 2014. Measles vaccination status of the youngest child in each household was determined and reasons for non-vaccination were investigated. A χ test and multiple logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination.
In total, 207 children were enrolled during the study period in 2014. Full measles vaccination coverage was 55% in these households, and 73% of parents were aware of the importance of measles vaccination to protect their children. We found that the father's education level (under high school versus high school and above) and the site where the survey was conducted were significantly associated with vaccination status.
The vaccination coverage was lower than the coverage reported by district preventive medicine centres of the seven study wards. Lack of the second vaccination was a key obstacle to eliminating the vaccination gap. A catch-up mass vaccination campaign or health promotion of measles vaccination directed towards parents should be considered to improve vaccination coverage.
越南于1981年启动扩大免疫规划，涵盖六种疫苗，包括麻疹疫苗。随后，越南麻疹感染率显著下降。2014年4月发生了全国性麻疹疫情，一项调查发现，9个月至10岁的受影响儿童中有86%未完全接种疫苗；因此，了解未接种疫苗的原因有助于提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
我们进行了一项横断面研究，以确定胡志明市2014年麻疹病例数最多的六个区9个月至10岁儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率及未接种疫苗的原因。确定每户最年幼孩子的麻疹疫苗接种状况，并调查未接种疫苗的原因。采用χ检验和多元逻辑回归来确定完全接种疫苗的独立预测因素。
2014年研究期间共纳入207名儿童。这些家庭的麻疹疫苗完全接种覆盖率为55%，73%的家长意识到麻疹疫苗对保护孩子的重要性。我们发现，父亲的教育水平（高中以下与高中及以上）和调查地点与疫苗接种状况显著相关。
疫苗接种覆盖率低于七个研究病房的地区预防医学中心报告的覆盖率。缺乏第二次接种是消除疫苗接种差距的关键障碍。应考虑开展补种大规模疫苗接种运动或针对家长的麻疹疫苗接种健康促进活动，以提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
