Ohlendorf D, Salzer S, Haensel R, Rey J, Maltry L, Holzgreve F, Lampe J, Wanke E M, Groneberg D A
1Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
2Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2020 Mar 2;12:4. doi: 10.1186/s13102-020-0156-2. eCollection 2020.
Well defined constitutional parameters support the physical fatigue resistance in handball to maintain the performance level for the majority of actions. Ideal constitutional conditions are necessary to achieve these physiological advantages in handball. But limited knowledge exists about the upper body posture or the postural control in correlation to the Body Mass Index (BMI), playing years, playing position and throwing arm in professional male handball.
Ninety-one male handball players participate (24.1 ± 5.9 years; playing experience 16.6 ± 5.7 years). A three-dimensional back scanner and a pressure measuring plate were used.
Correlations between BMI and upper body posture and postural control were not significant. Same counts for the comparison between the left and right throwing arm according to upper body posture and postural control ( ≥ 0.05). Correlations between the years of playing can be found at pelvis height ( ≤ 0.04) and for the length of the Center of Pressure (CoP) ( ≤ 0.01). Wing players are 6.5-8.5 cm smaller. The playing position is independently of BMI, age or upper body posture ( ≥ 0.05). Backcourt players have a higher load of the left and a lower load of the right foot compared to wing players ( ≤ 0.001). Left-right comparison ( ≤ 0.001/ 0.01) can be seen in pivot player (covered area), backcourt player (weight distribution left/right [rear] foot), wing player (weight and force distribution left/right foot, covered area).
Goalkeeper, Backcourt and pivot players are taller and heavier than wing players. These physiological demands are not detectable in the upper body posture and slightly in postural control. Wing players have the most asymmetric load distribution and the longest length of CoP. Since goalkeepers do not differ from pivot or backcourt players, this can be lead back to the same training.
明确的身体构成参数有助于手球运动员抵抗身体疲劳，从而在大多数动作中保持运动表现水平。要在手球运动中获得这些生理优势，理想的身体构成条件必不可少。但对于职业男子手球运动员的上身姿势或姿势控制与体重指数（BMI）、比赛年限、比赛位置和投掷手臂之间的关系，人们了解有限。
91名男性手球运动员参与研究（年龄24.1±5.9岁；比赛经验16.6±5.7年）。使用了三维背部扫描仪和压力测量板。
BMI与上身姿势和姿势控制之间无显著相关性。根据上身姿势和姿势控制对左右投掷手臂进行比较时也是如此（≥0.05）。比赛年限与骨盆高度（≤0.04）和压力中心（CoP）长度（≤0.01）之间存在相关性。边锋球员身高矮6.5 - 8.5厘米。比赛位置与BMI、年龄或上身姿势无关（≥0.05）。与边锋球员相比，后场球员左脚负荷更高，右脚负荷更低（≤0.001）。在中锋球员（覆盖面积）、后场球员（左右[后]脚重量分布）、边锋球员（左右脚重量和力的分布、覆盖面积）中可看到左右比较（≤0.001/0.01）。
守门员、后场球员和中锋球员比边锋球员更高更重。这些生理需求在上身姿势中无法体现，在姿势控制中体现也不明显。边锋球员的负荷分布最不对称，CoP长度最长。由于守门员与中锋或后场球员没有差异，这可能可归因于相同的训练。
