Centre for Developmental Disorders, Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, UK.
Centre for Developmental Disorders, Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, UK.
Res Dev Disabil. 2020 May;100:103604. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103604. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
Following Annette Karmiloff-Smith's approach to cognitive research, this study applied a cross-syndrome approach to the social phenotype, focusing on social vulnerability (SV) and the factors that contribute to it.
To (i) identify syndrome-specific differences in SV across four neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) groups, (ii) determine the contribution of intellectual disability (ID), age or gender to SV, and (iii) explore its relationship with social interaction style (SIS).
262 parents of children: Autism (n = 29), Williams syndrome (n = 29), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 36), Fragile X syndrome (n = 18), and Neurotypical (n = 150) reported on their child's SV, quality of SIS and other factors (ID, age, gender).
Heightened SV was not syndrome-specific. Instead it was found equally across NDD groups (and not in the neurotypical group), and independently of ID, age and gender. Different atypical SISs were also distributed across NDD groups and each were significantly related to SV, independent of the factors above and beyond neurodevelopmental diagnosis.
The findings emphasise that social phenotypes are best understood as distributed across diagnostic boundaries and offer opportunities to further test the role of varied atypical SISs in the development of heightened SV.
本研究采用跨综合征方法研究社会表型，以社会脆弱性（SV）及其影响因素为重点，遵循 Annette Karmiloff-Smith 的认知研究方法。
（i）确定四个神经发育障碍（NDD）组的 SV 综合征特异性差异，（ii）确定智力障碍（ID）、年龄或性别对 SV 的贡献，以及（iii）探讨其与社会互动风格（SIS）的关系。
262 名儿童的家长（自闭症儿童 n = 29、威廉姆斯综合征儿童 n = 29、注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童 n = 36、脆性 X 综合征儿童 n = 18、神经典型儿童 n = 150）报告了他们孩子的 SV、SIS 质量和其他因素（ID、年龄、性别）。
高度的 SV 不是综合征特异性的。相反，它在 NDD 组中同样存在（而不是在神经典型组中），并且独立于 ID、年龄和性别。不同的非典型 SIS 也分布在 NDD 组中，每个 SIS 都与 SV 显著相关，独立于上述因素和神经发育诊断。
这些发现强调了社会表型最好被理解为分布在诊断边界内，并为进一步测试各种非典型 SIS 在高度 SV 发展中的作用提供了机会。
