Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Doctor Begiristain, s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 4;17(5):1665. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051665.
: Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, the diet being the main source of exposure. Some epidemiological studies describe a negative association between prenatal Mn and later neuropsychological development, but results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore the association between prenatal Mn exposure and neuropsychological development assessed at 4 years of age. : Study subjects were 304 mother-child pairs from the Gipuzkoa cohort of the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Project. Mn was measured in newborns' hair. Children's neuropsychological development was assessed at 4 years of age using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multivariate linear regression models were built. Stratified analysis by sex was performed. Generalized additive models were used to assess the shape of the relation. : The median Mn concentration in newborns' hair was 0.42 μg/g (95% CI = 0.38, 0.46). The association between Mn levels and the neuropsychological development was not statistically significant for the general cognitive scale (β [95% CI] = 0.36 [-5.23, 5.95]), motor scale (β [95% CI] = 1.9 [-3.74, 7.55]) or any of the other outcomes. No sex-specific pattern was found. The best shape describing the relationship was linear for all the scales. : Our results suggest that prenatal Mn concentrations measured in newborns' hair do not affect cognitive or motor development at 4 years of age in boys or in girls at the observed Mn levels.
锰（Mn）是人体必需的微量元素，膳食是暴露的主要来源。一些流行病学研究表明，产前 Mn 与后期神经心理发育之间存在负相关，但结果不一致。本研究旨在探讨产前 Mn 暴露与 4 岁时神经心理发育的关系。
研究对象为 INMA（环境与儿童）项目 Gipuzkoa 队列中的 304 对母婴。在新生儿头发中测量 Mn。在 4 岁时，使用 McCarthy 儿童能力量表评估儿童的神经心理发育。建立了多变量线性回归模型。按性别进行分层分析。使用广义加性模型评估关系的形状。
新生儿头发中 Mn 的中位数浓度为 0.42μg/g（95%置信区间=0.38，0.46）。Mn 水平与一般认知量表（β[95%置信区间]=0.36[-5.23，5.95]）、运动量表（β[95%置信区间]=1.9[-3.74，7.55]）或其他任何结果之间的关联均无统计学意义。未发现性别特异性模式。所有量表的最佳形状均为线性。
我们的研究结果表明，在观察到的 Mn 水平下，新生儿头发中测量的产前 Mn 浓度不会影响男孩或女孩 4 岁时的认知或运动发育。
