Kemal Jelalu, Zerihun Tesfaheywet, Alemu Sisay, Sali Kedir, Nasir Musa, Abraha Ashebr, Feyera Teka
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
J Parasitol Res. 2020 Feb 18;2020:7834026. doi: 10.1155/2020/7834026. eCollection 2020.
A study was carried out to evaluate the acaricidal activities of crude methanolic extract of leaves of six medicinal plants, namely, , , , , , and , against () and using an adult immersion test. Five graded concentrations of the crude extracts, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml, were tested at different time intervals, and temporal changes in tick viability were recorded for 24 hours. Diazinon (0.1%) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Standard procedures were applied to screen the phytochemical constituents of the tested plant parts. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of a condensed amount of tannins in all extracts. Starting from 30 min post exposure, the 100 mg/ml concentration of and extracts has caused significantly higher mortality ( < 0.05) compared to the diazinon. A significant increase in tick mortality started 2 hr post exposure with diazinon and 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of . extract and diazinon showed a significant increase in tick mortality 3 hr post exposure with 100 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, a significant increase in tick mortality started 2 hr post exposure with diazinon and 100 mg/ml concentrations of and . At 24 hr post exposure, diazinon and 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of all the extracts have caused significantly higher tick mortality than the rest of the concentrations ( < 0.05). Higher concentrations of all the extracts had showed a comparable and strong acaricidal effect on () and having no significant difference with that of the positive control ( > 0.05) at 24 hr post exposure period. Tick killing activity of all evaluated plant extracts increases with increasing exposure time and concentration as well. Thus, all the tested plants could be used against () and as a potential alternative to substitute commercially available drugs. We recommend further study on fractionating each component separately and validating the materials.
开展了一项研究，以评估六种药用植物（即[此处六种植物名称缺失]）叶片的甲醇粗提物对微小牛蜱（Boophilus microplus）和长角血蜱（Haemaphysalis longicornis）的杀螨活性，采用成虫浸泡试验。在不同时间间隔测试了粗提物的五个梯度浓度，即6.25、12.5、25、50和100毫克/毫升，并记录蜱虫活力在24小时内的时间变化。二嗪农（0.1%）和蒸馏水分别用作阳性和阴性对照。采用标准程序筛选受试植物部位的植物化学成分。植物化学筛选表明，所有提取物中均含有一定量的缩合单宁。从暴露后30分钟开始，与二嗪农相比，100毫克/毫升浓度的[此处两种植物名称缺失]提取物导致的死亡率显著更高（P<0.05）。暴露后2小时，二嗪农以及50和100毫克/毫升浓度的[此处一种植物名称缺失]提取物导致蜱虫死亡率显著增加。100毫克/毫升浓度的[此处一种植物名称缺失]提取物和二嗪农在暴露后3小时导致蜱虫死亡率显著增加。同样，暴露后2小时，二嗪农以及100毫克/毫升浓度的[此处两种植物名称缺失]提取物导致蜱虫死亡率显著增加。暴露后24小时，二嗪农以及所有提取物的50和100毫克/毫升浓度导致的蜱虫死亡率显著高于其他浓度（P<0.05）。在暴露后24小时，所有提取物的较高浓度对微小牛蜱（Boophilus microplus）和长角血蜱（Haemaphysalis longicornis）均表现出相当强的杀螨效果，与阳性对照无显著差异（P>0.05）。所有评估植物提取物的杀蜱活性也随着暴露时间和浓度的增加而增加。因此，所有受试植物都可用于对抗微小牛蜱（Boophilus microplus）和长角血蜱（Haemaphysalis longicornis），作为替代市售药物的潜在选择。我们建议进一步分别对每种成分进行分离研究并验证这些物质。
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