School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Jan 28;13:21. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-21.
In Ethiopia, Calpurnia aurea is used for the treatment of syphilis, malaria, rabies, diabetes, hypertension, diarrhoea, leishmaniasis, trachoma, elephantiasis, fungal diseases and different swellings. However, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial agent, there is limited or no information regarding its effectiveness and mode of action in diarrhoea which may be caused by Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Hence, we evaluated the 80% methanol (MeOH) extract of dried and powdered leaves of C. aurea for its antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activities.
Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into five groups (five/group): Group I served as control and received vehicle (1% Tween 80) at a dose of 10 ml/kg orally; Group II served as standard and received loperamide at the dose of 3 mg/kg orally; Groups III, IV and V served as test groups and received the 80% MeOH leaf extract of C. aurea at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally, respectively. Diarrhoea was induced by oral administration of 0.5 ml castor oil to each mouse, 1 h after the above treatments. During an observation period of 4 h, time of onset of diarrhea, total number of faecal output (frequency of defecation) and weight of faeces excreted by the animals were recorded. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post test. Antimicrobial activity test was conducted using agar well diffusion assay. Clinical isolates tested were Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
In castor oil induced diarrhea model, the 80% methanol leaf extract of C. aurea at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and the standard drug loperamide (3 mg/kg) significantly reduced the time of onset of diarrhea, the frequency of defecation (total number of faecal output) and weight of faeces. C. aurea leaf extract also showed good antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms.
C. aurea possesses good antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activity which support the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia.
在埃塞俄比亚，Calpurnia aurea 被用于治疗梅毒、疟疾、狂犬病、糖尿病、高血压、腹泻、利什曼病、沙眼、象皮病、真菌病和各种肿胀。然而，尽管它被传统用于治疗腹泻和抗菌，但对于由福氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和伤寒沙门氏菌引起的腹泻，其效果和作用方式的信息有限或没有。因此，我们评估了干燥和粉碎的 C. aurea 叶片的 80%甲醇（MeOH）提取物的抗腹泻和抗菌活性。
将雄性和雌性瑞士白化小鼠分为五组（每组 5 只）：第 I 组作为对照，口服给予 1%吐温 80 溶液 10ml/kg；第 II 组作为标准，口服给予洛哌丁胺 3mg/kg；第 III、IV 和 V 组作为试验组，分别口服给予 C. aurea 的 80% MeOH 叶提取物 100、200 和 400mg/kg。在上述处理后 1 小时，通过口服给予每只小鼠 0.5ml 蓖麻油诱导腹泻。在 4 小时的观察期间，记录腹泻的开始时间、粪便排出的总次数（排便频率）和动物排出的粪便重量。使用单向方差分析，然后进行 Tukey 事后检验对数据进行分析。抗菌活性测试使用琼脂孔扩散法进行。测试的临床分离株包括伤寒沙门氏菌、副伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。
在蓖麻油诱导的腹泻模型中，C. aurea 的 80%甲醇叶提取物在 100、200 和 400mg/kg 以及标准药物洛哌丁胺（3mg/kg）显著减少了腹泻的开始时间、排便频率（粪便总排出量）和粪便重量。C. aurea 叶提取物对所有测试的生物体也表现出良好的抗菌活性。
C. aurea 具有良好的抗腹泻和抗菌活性，这支持了该植物在埃塞俄比亚治疗腹泻的传统用途。
