Angermeyer M C, Klusmann D
Department of Psychiatric Sociology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1988;238(1):47-54. doi: 10.1007/BF00381080.
Patients' concepts of the causes of their functional psychoses were investigated by means of an open-ended question and a 30-item checklist. While patients, like professional experts, endorsed a multifactorial aetiological concept, they clearly favoured psychosocial explanations over biological ones. There was some variation according to diagnosis, with schizophrenic patients tending to attribute the development of their illness more often to esoteric influences or to their family environment and patients with affective psychoses assuming biological factors or psychosocial stress to be the cause of their illness. The aetiological concepts did not vary with the duration of illness. Our findings do not support the "psychological mindedness" hypothesis, which postulates that there is a greater inclination to adopt psychological explanations among women, younger people, the better educated or people from urban areas as compared with men, older people, the less educated or people from rural areas.
通过一个开放式问题和一份包含30个条目的清单，对患者关于功能性精神病病因的观念进行了调查。虽然患者和专业专家一样，认可多因素病因观念，但他们明显更倾向于心理社会解释而非生物学解释。根据诊断情况存在一些差异，精神分裂症患者往往更常将其疾病的发展归因于神秘影响或家庭环境，而情感性精神病患者则认为生物学因素或心理社会压力是其疾病的原因。病因观念并不随病程长短而变化。我们的研究结果不支持“心理倾向”假说，该假说假定与男性、老年人、受教育程度较低者或农村地区的人相比，女性、年轻人、受教育程度较高者或城市地区的人更倾向于采用心理学解释。
