Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.
EMBO J. 2020 Jun 17;39(12):e104486. doi: 10.15252/embj.2020104486. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Immune cells provide defense against non-self and have recently been shown to also play key roles in diverse processes such as development, metabolism, and tumor progression. The heterogeneity of Drosophila immune cells (hemocytes) remains an open question. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we find that the hemocytes display distinct features in the embryo, a closed and rapidly developing system, compared to the larva, which is exposed to environmental and metabolic challenges. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify fourteen hemocyte clusters present in unchallenged larvae and associated with distinct processes, e.g., proliferation, phagocytosis, metabolic homeostasis, and humoral response. Finally, we characterize the changes occurring in the hemocyte clusters upon wasp infestation, which triggers the differentiation of a novel hemocyte type, the lamellocyte. This first molecular atlas of hemocytes provides insights and paves the way to study the biology of the Drosophila immune cells in physiological and pathological conditions.
免疫细胞提供了对非自身的防御，最近还被证明在多种过程中发挥关键作用，如发育、代谢和肿瘤进展。果蝇免疫细胞（血细胞）的异质性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。使用批量 RNA 测序，我们发现与幼虫相比，在胚胎（一个封闭且快速发育的系统）中血细胞表现出不同的特征，幼虫暴露于环境和代谢挑战中。通过单细胞 RNA 测序，我们鉴定了在未受挑战的幼虫中存在的 14 个血细胞簇，并与不同的过程相关，例如增殖、吞噬作用、代谢稳态和体液反应。最后，我们描述了在黄蜂侵袭时血细胞簇发生的变化，这触发了一种新型血细胞类型，即浆细胞的分化。这个血细胞的第一个分子图谱提供了见解，并为研究果蝇免疫细胞在生理和病理条件下的生物学铺平了道路。
