Coote John H, Spyer K Michael
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
Brain Neurosci Adv. 2018 Nov 13;2:2398212818812012. doi: 10.1177/2398212818812012. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.
In this review, current understanding of the control of autonomic function is outlined and its development over the last 50 years highlighted. Using the control of the cardiovascular system as the primary tool, the importance of the patterning of autonomic outflows is shown to be crucial in both homeostasis and behaviour. Technical advances have made it possible to obtain a clearer idea of how the central nervous system evolves patterns of autonomic discharge that optimise autonomic changes to support motor and behavioural responses. The specific roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurones and premotor neurones are surveyed and the importance of their roles in integrating afferent inputs that result from peripheral sensory inputs and drive from multiple levels of the neuraxis is outlined. The autonomic control of the viscera, including the urinogenital organs and other organs is discussed briefly. The current ability to use animal models to monitor and modulate autonomic neural discharge and simultaneously co-relate this with end-organ activity is shown to have translational potential. There is every prospect that these studies will lead to the identification of new therapies for pathophysiological conditions.
在本综述中，概述了目前对自主神经功能控制的理解，并突出了其在过去50年中的发展。以心血管系统的控制作为主要工具，自主神经输出模式的重要性在稳态和行为中都至关重要。技术进步使得更清楚地了解中枢神经系统如何产生自主神经放电模式成为可能，这些模式优化自主神经变化以支持运动和行为反应。对交感和副交感神经节前神经元以及运动前神经元的具体作用进行了综述，并概述了它们在整合外周感觉输入和来自神经轴多个水平驱动所产生的传入输入中的重要作用。简要讨论了包括泌尿生殖器官和其他器官在内的内脏的自主神经控制。目前利用动物模型监测和调节自主神经放电并同时将其与终末器官活动相关联的能力显示出具有转化潜力。这些研究极有可能导致识别出针对病理生理状况的新疗法。
