Grodzicki Wojciech, Dziendzikowska Katarzyna
Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;9(3):229. doi: 10.3390/antiox9030229.
Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.
神经退行性变是许多使人衰弱、无法治愈的年龄依赖性疾病的一个特征，这些疾病会影响神经系统，对老年人的健康构成重大威胁。由于现代社会持续的老龄化进程，神经退行性疾病患病率的不断上升正成为一个全球公共卫生问题。与年龄相关的痴呆症的一个主要原因是阿尔茨海默病（AD）。目前，尚无有效的疗法来减缓、阻止或逆转这种疾病的进展。然而，许多研究表明，改变生活方式因素，如采用适当的饮食，可延缓或预防这种疾病的发作。饮食目前被认为是控制健康、保护自身免受氧化应激和慢性炎症影响，从而预防慢性退行性疾病的关键因素。大量具有生物活性的食物成分可能会影响AD潜在的病理机制。其中，酚类化合物、ω-3脂肪酸、脂溶性维生素、异硫氰酸盐和类胡萝卜素似乎很有前景。它们不仅作为抗氧化剂和抗炎剂发挥作用，还作为在AD发展过程中起作用的病理分子机制的活性调节剂，包括淀粉样斑块和tau缠结的形成，这是AD病理学的主要标志。体内动物模型研究以及临床和流行病学研究表明，营养干预对老年人的健康有积极影响，并可能预防与年龄相关的认知能力下降，特别是当饮食中含有不止一种生物活性营养素时。地中海饮食，尤其是它与防治高血压饮食方法（DASH）相结合的所谓MIND饮食，是基于许多富含生物活性化合物的产品的营养模式，似乎在预防神经退行性变方面最为有效。本综述收集了支持生物活性物质神经保护作用的证据。
