Ren Xiaoyun, Wu Shengyong, Xing Zhenlong, Xu Ruirui, Cai Wanzhi, Lei Zhongren
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Insects. 2020 Mar 11;11(3):177. doi: 10.3390/insects11030177.
Western flower thrips (WFT), (Pergande), is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. In this study, the distance traveled by WFT to locate yellow cards using only visual cues and visual cues plus olfactory cues was studied first. Subsequently, preferences for colors (white, red, green, purple, yellow and blue) and patterns (triangle, rectangle, circle and flower-shape) over short distances were assessed with free-choice tests. Finally, as yellow was the most efficient color to catch WFT under laboratory conditions, the yellow flower-shape was used as the visual cue, and preferences between visual and olfactory cues were evaluated with dual choice tests. The results showed that the capture rate of WFT by visual cues decreased as selection distance increased, however capture rate remained higher with the addition of olfactory cues. The flower shape attracted the greatest number of WFT among all shapes tested. The combination of visual cues and extracted volatiles from flowering L. attracted higher numbers of WFT than to the olfactory cues alone, however these were similar to visual cues alone. The presence of olfactory cues resulted in higher residence times by WFT than did the absence of olfactory cues. These results show the relative effects of visual and olfactory cues on the orientation of WFT to hosts and highlight that visual cues dominate selection behavior at short distances. These findings can be used in the development of efficient trapping products and management strategies for thrips.
西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)）是一种极具入侵性的害虫，侵害全球许多植物物种，但很少有研究调查与其觅食行为相关的视觉和嗅觉线索。在本研究中，首先研究了西花蓟马仅利用视觉线索以及视觉线索加嗅觉线索定位黄牌所行进的距离。随后，通过自由选择测试评估了其在短距离内对颜色（白色、红色、绿色、紫色、黄色和蓝色）和图案（三角形、矩形、圆形和花形）的偏好。最后，由于黄色是实验室条件下捕获西花蓟马最有效的颜色，因此将黄色花形用作视觉线索，并通过双选测试评估视觉和嗅觉线索之间的偏好。结果表明，随着选择距离的增加，视觉线索对西花蓟马的捕获率下降，然而添加嗅觉线索后捕获率仍然更高。在所有测试形状中，花形吸引的西花蓟马数量最多。视觉线索与从开花的矮牵牛中提取的挥发物的组合比单独的嗅觉线索吸引了更多的西花蓟马，但与单独的视觉线索相似。有嗅觉线索时西花蓟马的停留时间比没有嗅觉线索时更长。这些结果显示了视觉和嗅觉线索对西花蓟马朝向寄主的相对影响，并突出表明视觉线索在短距离内主导选择行为。这些发现可用于开发高效的诱捕产品和蓟马管理策略。
