Cao Xiuling, Jin Xuejiao, Liu Beidong
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.
Aging Cell. 2020 Apr;19(4):e13136. doi: 10.1111/acel.13136. Epub 2020 Mar 14.
Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembrane assemblies formed in cells in response to stress conditions. SGs mainly contain untranslated mRNA and a variety of proteins. RNAs and scaffold proteins with intrinsically disordered regions or RNA-binding domains are essential for the assembly of SGs, and multivalent macromolecular interactions among these components are thought to be the driving forces for SG assembly. The SG assembly process includes regulation through post-translational modification and involvement of the cytoskeletal system. During aging, many intracellular bioprocesses become disrupted by factors such as cellular environmental changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decline in the protein quality control system. Such changes could lead to the formation of aberrant SGs, as well as alterations in their maintenance, disassembly, and clearance. These aberrant SGs might in turn promote aging and aging-associated diseases. In this paper, we first review the latest progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying SG assembly and SG functioning under stress conditions. Then, we provide a detailed discussion of the relevance of SGs to aging and aging-associated diseases.
应激颗粒（SGs）是细胞在应激条件下形成的无膜聚集体。SGs主要包含未翻译的mRNA和多种蛋白质。具有内在无序区域或RNA结合结构域的RNA和支架蛋白对于SGs的组装至关重要，并且这些组分之间的多价大分子相互作用被认为是SG组装的驱动力。SG组装过程包括通过翻译后修饰的调节以及细胞骨架系统的参与。在衰老过程中，许多细胞内生物过程会因细胞环境变化、线粒体功能障碍和蛋白质质量控制系统下降等因素而受到干扰。这些变化可能导致异常SGs的形成，以及它们在维持、解体和清除方面的改变。这些异常SGs可能反过来促进衰老和与衰老相关的疾病。在本文中，我们首先综述了应激条件下SG组装和SG功能的分子机制的最新进展。然后，我们详细讨论了SGs与衰老和与衰老相关疾病的相关性。
