Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2020 Mar 16;133(6):jcs228031. doi: 10.1242/jcs.228031.
Cells and tissues sense, respond to and translate mechanical forces into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction, which governs individual cell responses that drive gene expression, metabolic pathways and cell motility, and determines how cells work together in tissues. Mechanotransduction often depends on cytoskeletal networks and their attachment sites that physically couple cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. One way that cells associate with each other is through Ca-dependent adhesion molecules called cadherins, which mediate cell-cell interactions through adherens junctions, thereby anchoring and organizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This actin-based network confers dynamic properties to cell sheets and developing organisms. However, these contractile networks do not work alone but in concert with other cytoarchitectural elements, including a diverse network of intermediate filaments. This Review takes a close look at the intermediate filament network and its associated intercellular junctions, desmosomes. We provide evidence that this system not only ensures tissue integrity, but also cooperates with other networks to create more complex tissues with emerging properties in sensing and responding to increasingly stressful environments. We will also draw attention to how defects in intermediate filament and desmosome networks result in both chronic and acquired diseases.
细胞和组织通过机械转导感知、响应和将机械力转化为生化信号，机械转导控制着驱动基因表达、代谢途径和细胞迁移的单个细胞反应，并决定细胞如何在组织中协同工作。机械转导通常依赖于细胞骨架网络及其附着位点，这些网络将细胞彼此以及细胞外基质物理连接起来。细胞彼此关联的一种方式是通过称为钙依赖性黏附分子的钙依赖性黏附分子，这些分子通过黏着连接介导细胞-细胞相互作用，从而锚定和组织皮质肌动球蛋白细胞骨架。这个基于肌动蛋白的网络赋予细胞片和发育中的生物体动态特性。然而，这些收缩网络并非单独工作，而是与其他细胞架构元素协同工作，包括中间丝的多样化网络。这篇综述仔细研究了中间丝网络及其相关的细胞间连接，桥粒。我们提供的证据表明，该系统不仅确保了组织的完整性，而且还与其他网络合作，在感知和应对日益紧张的环境方面，创建具有新兴特性的更复杂组织。我们还将提请注意中间丝和桥粒网络缺陷如何导致慢性和获得性疾病。
