Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Institute of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 13;17(6):1858. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061858.
Ozonation is widely used in high-income countries for water disinfection in centralized treatment facilities. New microplasma technology has reduced the energy requirements for ozone generation dramatically, such that a 15-watt solar panel is sufficient to produce small quantities of ozone. This technology has not been used previously for point-of-use drinking water treatment. We conducted a series of assessments of this technology, both in the laboratory and in homes of residents of a village in western Kenya, to estimate system efficacy and to determine if the solar-powered point-of-use water ozonation system appears safe and acceptable to end-users. In the laboratory, two hours of point-of-use ozonation reduced in 120 L of wastewater by a mean (standard deviation) of 2.3 (0.84) log-orders of magnitude and F+ coliphage by 1.54 (0.72). Based on laboratory efficacy, 10 families in Western Kenya used the system to treat 20 L of household stored water for two hours on a daily basis for eight weeks. Household stored water concentrations of >1000 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL were reduced by 1.56 (0.96) log removal value (LRV). No participants experienced symptoms of respiratory or mucous membrane irritation. Focus group research indicated that families who used the system for eight weeks had very favorable perceptions of the system, in part because it allowed them to charge mobile phones. Drinking water ozonation using microplasma technology may be a sustainable point-of-use treatment method, although system optimization and evaluations in other settings would be needed.
臭氧氧化广泛应用于高收入国家的集中处理设施的水消毒。新的微等离子体技术大大降低了臭氧产生的能源需求，以至于 15 瓦的太阳能电池板足以产生少量臭氧。这项技术以前没有用于现场饮用水处理。我们对这项技术进行了一系列评估，包括在实验室和肯尼亚西部一个村庄居民的家中，以评估系统的功效，并确定太阳能现场饮用水臭氧处理系统是否对最终用户安全且可接受。在实验室中，两小时的现场臭氧氧化使 120 升废水中的 平均减少了 2.3（0.84）个对数数量级，F+噬菌体减少了 1.54（0.72）。基于实验室的功效，肯尼亚西部的 10 个家庭每天使用该系统对 20 升家庭储存水进行两小时的处理，持续八周。家庭储存水中 >1000 个最可能数（MPN）/100 毫升的浓度减少了 1.56（0.96）个对数去除值（LRV）。没有参与者出现呼吸道或粘膜刺激的症状。焦点小组研究表明，使用该系统八周的家庭对该系统的评价非常有利，部分原因是它允许他们为手机充电。使用微等离子体技术的饮用水臭氧氧化可能是一种可持续的现场处理方法，但需要在其他环境中进行系统优化和评估。
