Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
J Biomed Sci. 2020 Mar 17;27(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12929-020-00640-3.
Protein and DNA have been considered as the major components of chromatin. But beyond that, an increasing number of studies show that RNA occupies a large amount of chromatin and acts as a regulator of nuclear architecture. A significant fraction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) prefers to stay in the nucleus and cooperate with protein complexes to modulate epigenetic regulation, phase separation, compartment formation, and nuclear organization. An RNA strand also can invade into double-stranded DNA to form RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) in living cells, contributing to the regulation of gene expression and genomic instability. In this review, we discuss how nuclear lncRNAs orchestrate cellular processes through their interactions with proteins and DNA and summarize the recent genome-wide techniques to study the functions of lncRNAs by revealing their interactomes in vivo.
蛋白质和 DNA 一直被认为是染色质的主要成分。但除此之外，越来越多的研究表明，RNA 占据了大量的染色质，并作为核架构的调节剂。大量的长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）更喜欢留在核内，并与蛋白复合物合作，调节表观遗传调控、相分离、隔室形成和核组织。在活细胞中，RNA 链也可以侵入双链 DNA 形成 RNA:DNA 杂交（R 环），有助于基因表达调控和基因组不稳定性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了核 lncRNA 如何通过与蛋白质和 DNA 的相互作用来协调细胞过程，并总结了最近的全基因组技术，通过揭示 lncRNA 在体内的互作组来研究它们的功能。
