Jin Peng, Bai Xue
Department of Neurosurgery, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 021000, China.
Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, No. 20, Shengli Street, Hailar District, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 021000, China.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2025 Feb 5;18:323-337. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.015. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Non-coding accounts for 98 %-99 % of the human genome and performs many essential regulatory functions in eukaryotes, involved in cancer development and development. Non-coding RNAs are abundantly enriched in exosomes, which play a biological role as vectors. Some biofunctional non-coding RNAs are specifically designed as exosomes for the treatment of cancers such as glioma. Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors within the skull and has varying degrees of malignancy and histologic subtypes of grades I-IV. Gliomas are characterized by high malignancy and an abundant blood supply due to rapid cell proliferation and vascularization, often with a poor prognosis. Exosomal non-coding RNAs can be involved in the tumorigenesis process of glioma from multiple directions, such as angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, metastatic invasion, immune evasion, apoptosis, and autophagy. Therefore, non-coding RNAs in exosomes are suitable as markers or therapeutic targets for early diagnosis of diseases and for predicting the prognosis of a variety of diseases. Regulating exosome production and the level of exosomal non-coding RNA expression may be a new approach to prevent or eliminate glioma. In this review, we review the origin and characteristics of exosomal non-coding RNAs, and introduce the functional studies of exosomal non-coding RNAs in glioma and their potential clinical applications, in order to broaden new ideas for the treatment of glioma.
非编码序列占人类基因组的98% - 99%，在真核生物中执行许多重要的调控功能，参与癌症的发生发展。非编码RNA在外泌体中大量富集，外泌体作为载体发挥生物学作用。一些具有生物功能的非编码RNA被专门设计用于治疗胶质瘤等癌症。胶质瘤是颅骨内最常见的原发性肿瘤之一，具有不同程度的恶性程度和I - IV级组织学亚型。胶质瘤的特点是恶性程度高，由于细胞快速增殖和血管生成导致血供丰富，预后往往较差。外泌体非编码RNA可从多个方向参与胶质瘤的肿瘤发生过程，如血管生成、肿瘤增殖、转移侵袭、免疫逃逸、凋亡和自噬。因此，外泌体中的非编码RNA适合作为疾病早期诊断的标志物或治疗靶点，以及预测多种疾病的预后。调节外泌体产生和外泌体非编码RNA表达水平可能是预防或消除胶质瘤的一种新方法。在本综述中，我们回顾了外泌体非编码RNA的起源和特征，并介绍了外泌体非编码RNA在胶质瘤中的功能研究及其潜在的临床应用，以期拓宽胶质瘤治疗的新思路。
