Luo Shen, Ma Chi, Zhu Ming-Qin, Ju Wei-Na, Yang Yu, Wang Xu
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2020 Feb 28;14:21. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00021. eCollection 2020.
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system, which brings an enormous burden on patients, their families, and society. It is difficult to make early diagnosis, resulting from the insidious onset and progressive development of neurodegenerative diseases. The drugs on the market cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively, which leads to unfavorable prognosis and less effective treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop a novel detection method and therapeutic strategies. Recently, nanomedicine has aroused considerable attention for diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nanoparticles integrate targeting, imaging, and therapy in one system and facilitate the entry of drug molecules across the blood-brain barrier, offering new hope to patients. In this review, we summarize the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We focus on IONPs as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) and drug carriers in AD. What most neurodegenerative diseases have in common is that hall marker lesions are represented by protein aggregates (Soto and Pritzkow, 2018). These diseases are of unknown etiology and unfavorable prognosis, and the treatments toward them are less effective (Soto and Pritzkow, 2018). Such diseases usually develop in aged people, and early clinical manifestations are atypical, resulting in difficulty in early diagnosis. Recently, nanomedicine has aroused considerable attention for therapy and diagnosis of CNS diseases because it integrates targeting, imaging, and therapy in one system (Gupta et al., 2019). In this review article, we first introduce the neurodegenerative diseases and commonly used MRI CAs. Then we review the application of IONPs in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with the purpose of assisting early theranostics (therapy and diagnosis).
神经退行性疾病的特征是神经系统结构和功能的慢性进行性退化，这给患者、其家庭和社会带来了巨大负担。由于神经退行性疾病起病隐匿且进展缓慢，因此难以进行早期诊断。市场上的药物无法有效穿过血脑屏障（BBB），这导致预后不佳且治疗效果较差。因此，迫切需要开发一种新的检测方法和治疗策略。近年来，纳米医学在中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的诊断和治疗方面引起了广泛关注。纳米颗粒将靶向、成像和治疗整合在一个系统中，并促进药物分子穿过血脑屏障，为患者带来了新的希望。在这篇综述中，我们总结了氧化铁纳米颗粒（IONPs）在神经退行性疾病诊断和治疗中的应用，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。我们重点关注IONPs作为AD中的磁共振成像（MRI）造影剂（CAs）和药物载体。大多数神经退行性疾病的共同特点是标志性病变以蛋白质聚集体为代表（索托和普里茨科夫，2018年）。这些疾病病因不明，预后不佳，针对它们的治疗效果较差（索托和普里茨科夫，2018年）。此类疾病通常在老年人中发生，早期临床表现不典型，导致早期诊断困难。近年来，纳米医学在CNS疾病的治疗和诊断方面引起了广泛关注，因为它将靶向、成像和治疗整合在一个系统中（古普塔等人，2019年）。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先介绍神经退行性疾病和常用的MRI CAs。然后我们综述IONPs在神经退行性疾病诊断和治疗中的应用，以辅助早期诊疗（治疗和诊断）。
