Álvarez-Viejo María
Unidad de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain.
World J Stem Cells. 2020 Feb 26;12(2):100-109. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.100.
Since the introduction of cell therapy as a strategy for the treatment of many diseases, mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as ideal candidates, yet the underlying mechanisms of their beneficial effects are only partially understood. At the start of the 21st century, a paracrine effect was proposed as a mechanism of tissue repair by these cells. In addition, a role was suggested for a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles in cell-to-cell communication. Some of these vesicles including exosomes have been isolated from most fluids and cells, as well as from supernatants of cell cultures. Recent research in the field of regenerative medicine suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells could be a powerful new therapeutic tool. This review examines the therapeutic potential of these exosomes obtained from the sources most used in cell therapy: bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord.
自从将细胞疗法作为治疗多种疾病的策略引入以来，间充质干细胞已成为理想的候选者，但其有益作用的潜在机制仅得到部分理解。在21世纪初，旁分泌效应被提出作为这些细胞进行组织修复的一种机制。此外，有人提出在细胞间通讯中，细胞外囊泡的异质性群体发挥了作用。其中一些囊泡，包括外泌体，已从大多数体液和细胞以及细胞培养上清液中分离出来。再生医学领域的最新研究表明，源自间充质干细胞的外泌体可能是一种强大的新型治疗工具。本综述探讨了从细胞疗法中最常用的来源：骨髓、脂肪组织和脐带中获得的这些外泌体的治疗潜力。
