Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Bioinformatics Unit, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Mol Microbiol. 2020 Mar;113(3):570-579. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14454.
The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes has maintained a high rate of susceptibility to the antibiotics used for decades to treat human and animal infections. However, L. monocytogenes can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other organisms' plasmids and conjugative transposons. Ecological factors could account for its susceptibility. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature, most frequently including reservoirs unexposed to antibiotics, including intracellular sanctuaries. L. monocytogenes has a remarkably closed genome, reflecting limited community interactions, small population sizes and high niche specialization. The L. monocytogenes species is divided into variants that are specialized in small specific niches, which reduces the possibility of coexistence with potential donors of antibiotic resistance. Interactions with potential donors are also hampered by interspecies antagonism. However, occasional increases in population sizes (and thus the possibility of acquiring antibiotic resistance) can derive from selection of the species based on intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics, biocides, heavy metals or by a natural tolerance to extreme conditions. High-quality surveillance of the emergence of resistance to the key drugs used in primary therapy is mandatory.
抗生素耐药性在原本敏感的生物体中的获得过程受物种生态学的影响。与其他相关的人类病原体不同，单核细胞增生李斯特菌几十年来一直对用于治疗人类和动物感染的抗生素保持着高敏感性。然而，单核细胞增生李斯特菌可以从其他生物体的质粒和可移动转座子中获得抗生素耐药性基因。生态因素可能解释了它的敏感性。单核细胞增生李斯特菌在自然界中无处不在，最常见的是包括未接触抗生素的储层，包括细胞内避难所。单核细胞增生李斯特菌的基因组非常封闭，反映了有限的社区相互作用、小种群规模和高度生态位特化。单核细胞增生李斯特菌物种分为专门适应小特定生态位的变体，这降低了与潜在抗生素耐药性供体共存的可能性。种间拮抗作用也阻碍了与潜在供体的相互作用。然而，种群规模的偶尔增加（从而获得抗生素耐药性的可能性）可能源于基于抗生素、消毒剂、重金属的固有或获得性耐药性或对极端条件的天然耐受性对物种的选择。强制性地对主要治疗中使用的关键药物的耐药性的出现进行高质量监测。
