Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Guangxi Jinsui Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 18;15(3):e0230593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230593. eCollection 2020.
Low soil fertility, high rates of fertilizer application and low yields and quality are major problems in intensive banana production in acid soils of south China. A field experiment was carried out for two years to determine the optimum management practices for maximizing soil health and banana yield and quality. The experiment consisted of an unamended control (CK) and lime (Lime), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CMP), organic fertilizer (OF), and organic fertilizer combined with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (OFC) treatments. Soil nutrient concentrations and banana shoot biomass, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality were determined. Application of lime and CMP was found to increase soil pH and nutrient availability and increase banana yield. Yet, the banana biomass and yields in the Lime and CMP treatments were significantly lower than those in the OF and OFC treatments in which soil organic matter (SOM) content increased. Total soluble solids and soluble sugar contents increased in the CMP and organic fertilizer treatments. A consistent increase in Mg concentrations in banana leaves over the two years in the CMP and organic fertilizer treatments indicates that Mg is essential for banana production and quality. Short-term adding Mg from banana corms increased total soluble solids and soluble sugar content. The application of organic fertilizer combined with CMP or Mg solution is therefore recommended to increase soil health and promote the yield and quality of banana in intensively managed plantations in subtropical regions.
土壤肥力低、施肥量大、产量和品质低是中国南方酸性土壤集约化香蕉生产的主要问题。本研究连续两年进行田间试验，以确定最适的管理措施，以最大限度地提高土壤健康和香蕉的产量和品质。试验包括不施肥对照（CK）和石灰（Lime）、钙镁磷肥（CMP）、有机肥（OF）和有机肥与钙镁磷肥（OFC）处理。测定了土壤养分浓度和香蕉地上部生物量、养分吸收、产量和果实品质。施用石灰和 CMP 可提高土壤 pH 值和养分有效性，并提高香蕉产量。然而，在石灰和 CMP 处理中，香蕉地上部生物量和产量明显低于 OF 和 OFC 处理，因为 OF 和 OFC 处理中土壤有机质（SOM）含量增加。CMP 和有机肥处理中总可溶性固体和可溶性糖含量增加。在 CMP 和有机肥处理中，香蕉叶片中 Mg 浓度在两年内持续增加，表明 Mg 对香蕉的生产和品质至关重要。从香蕉球茎中短期添加 Mg 可增加总可溶性固体和可溶性糖含量。因此，建议施用有机肥与 CMP 或 Mg 溶液相结合，以提高土壤健康，促进亚热带集约化种植园中香蕉的产量和品质。
