Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Fondazione G. Monasterio - Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020 Mar 18;18(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01291-6.
Limited number of studies examined the relationship between factors (lifestyle, social, emotional, cognitive) affecting adolescents' health and well-being. The aims of this study were to identify the more important variables of the different components affecting adolescents' health [lifestyle habits (LH); emotional status (ES); social context (SC); and cognitive abilities (CA)], and explore the relationship between the aforementioned components.
Data were collected between 2017 and 2018 from 756 eligible students, recruited from 5 Italian junior high school, by using KIDSCREEN-52 and cognitive processing using the Stroop Test. School engagement was estimated through questions concerning the scholastic achievement.
Of 756 adolescents, 395 were boys with a mean (SD) age of 12.19 (0.81) years. Compared to International T-value of reference group for KIDSCREEN-52, autonomy, bullying, psychological well-being and mood were lower than the reference groups, while self-perception score was higher. For LH, the most important predictor was autonomy (p < .0001). The most important aspects in the SC were the relationship with the parents (p < .0001), and the adolescent's relationships with peers (p < .0001). For ES, mood variables had the greatest contribution (p < .0001). The School performance related to Language & Literature (p < .0001) was the most important predictor in the CA latent variable. LH was positively associated with SC (p < .0001), ES (p < .0001), and CA (p < .0001). SC was positively associated with ES (p < .0001) and with CA (p < .0001).
This study suggests the importance of an integrated approach to characterize adolescents' health and well-being. The approach suggested here may highlight additive synergistic effects of the various components in health and well-being assessment that may not be considered with a late approach and focused only on single factors.
很少有研究探讨影响青少年健康和幸福感的因素（生活方式、社会、情感、认知）之间的关系。本研究的目的是确定影响青少年健康的不同组成部分（生活方式习惯 [LH]；情绪状态 [ES]；社会环境 [SC]；认知能力 [CA]）的更重要变量，并探讨上述成分之间的关系。
2017 年至 2018 年，从意大利 5 所初中招募了 756 名符合条件的学生，使用 KIDSCREEN-52 和 Stroop 测试进行认知处理，收集数据。通过与学业成绩相关的问题来评估学校参与度。
在 756 名青少年中，395 名为男孩，平均（SD）年龄为 12.19（0.81）岁。与 KIDSCREEN-52 的国际参考组 T 值相比，自主性、欺凌、心理幸福感和情绪低落的得分低于参考组，而自我认知得分较高。对于 LH，最重要的预测因素是自主性（p < 0.0001）。SC 中最重要的方面是与父母的关系（p < 0.0001）和青少年与同伴的关系（p < 0.0001）。对于 ES，情绪变量的贡献最大（p < 0.0001）。CA 潜在变量中，与语言和文学相关的学业成绩（p < 0.0001）是最重要的预测因素。LH 与 SC（p < 0.0001）、ES（p < 0.0001）和 CA（p < 0.0001）呈正相关。SC 与 ES（p < 0.0001）和 CA（p < 0.0001）呈正相关。
本研究表明，采用综合方法来描述青少年的健康和幸福感非常重要。这里提出的方法可以突出健康和幸福感评估中各种成分的附加协同效应，而这些效应可能无法通过后期方法和仅关注单一因素来考虑。
