芬兰三个移民群体中维生素 D 缺乏和不足的流行情况及决定因素：基于使用标准化 25-羟维生素 D 数据的人群研究证据。
Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.
机构信息
Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland.
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
出版信息
Public Health Nutr. 2020 May;23(7):1254-1265. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004312. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] and dietary vitamin D sources among three immigrant groups in Finland and compared their S-25(OH)D to the general Finnish population.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional population-based Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study and the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 Survey. S-25(OH)D was standardised according to the Vitamin D Standardisation Program. Vitamin D sources were assessed by interview.
SETTING
Six different municipalities in Finland (60°-63°N).
PARTICIPANTS
Immigrants aged 18-64 years (446 Russians, 346 Somalis, 500 Kurds), 798 Finns aged 30-64 years.
RESULTS
The mean of S-25(OH)D was 64 (95 % CI 62, 66), 44 (95 % CI 41, 46), 35 (95 % CI 34, 37) and 64 (95 % CI 62, 66) nmol/l for Russians, Somalis, Kurds and Finns, respectively. S-25(OH)D among Somalis and Kurds was lower compared with Finns (P < 0·001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) and insufficiency (S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) was higher among immigrants than Finns (P < 0·001). Vitamin D-rich foods differed between the groups; vitamin D-fortified fat spread consumption was higher among Somalis (91 %) than among Russians (73 %) and Kurds (60 %); fish was less consumed among Kurds (17 %) than among Russians (43 %) and Somalis (38 %); and 57 % Russians, 56 % Kurds and 36 % Somalis consumed vitamin D-fortified dairy daily (P < 0·001 for all). Daily smoking, alcohol consumption and winter blood sampling were determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (P ≤ 0·03). Older age, physical activity, fish and vitamin D-fortified dairy consumption were associated with lower odds of insufficiency (P ≤ 0·04).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D status differed among immigrant groups and the determinants are, to some degree, associated with learned or existing cultural behaviours.
目的
本研究旨在探究芬兰 3 个移民群体的血清 25-羟维生素 D [S-25（OH）D] 水平及其饮食中维生素 D 来源的决定因素，并将他们的 S-25（OH）D 水平与芬兰普通人群进行比较。
设计
本研究采用了基于人群的横断面移民健康与幸福感研究和全国代表性的芬兰健康 2011 调查。根据维生素 D 标准化计划对 S-25（OH）D 进行了标准化。通过访谈评估维生素 D 来源。
地点
芬兰六个不同的城市（60°-63°N）。
参与者
18-64 岁的移民（446 名俄罗斯人、346 名索马里人、500 名库尔德人）和 798 名 30-64 岁的芬兰人。
结果
俄罗斯人、索马里人、库尔德人和芬兰人的 S-25（OH）D 平均值分别为 64（95%CI 62，66）、44（95%CI 41，46）、35（95%CI 34，37）和 64（95%CI 62，66）nmol/L。与芬兰人相比，索马里人和库尔德人的 S-25（OH）D 水平较低（P<0·001）。移民的维生素 D 缺乏症（S-25（OH）D<30 nmol/L）和不足症（S-25（OH）D<50 nmol/L）患病率高于芬兰人（P<0·001）。不同群体的维生素 D 丰富食物存在差异；与俄罗斯人和库尔德人相比，索马里人（91%）摄入更多的维生素 D 强化脂肪涂抹酱；与俄罗斯人和索马里人相比，库尔德人（17%）摄入的鱼较少；与俄罗斯人和索马里人相比，57%的俄罗斯人、56%的库尔德人和 36%的索马里人每天摄入维生素 D 强化乳制品（所有 P 值均<0·001）。每日吸烟、饮酒和冬季采血是维生素 D 不足的决定因素（P≤0·03）。年龄较大、体力活动、吃鱼和摄入维生素 D 强化乳制品与不足的几率较低相关（P≤0·04）。
结论
不同移民群体的维生素 D 状况存在差异，这些决定因素在某种程度上与习得或现有的文化行为有关。
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