Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
PLoS One. 2024 Feb 29;19(2):e0299808. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299808. eCollection 2024.
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is a common health concern among immigrants. No previous studies have examined the associations between prenatal vitamin D levels and developmental disorders of language, scholastic skills, and coordination in an immigrant sample.
The sample included 542 immigrant mothers of cases with language, scholastic, coordination or mixed developmental disorders, 443 immigrant mothers of controls without these disorders and 542 Finnish mothers of controls. Maternal vitamin D was measured in serum samples collected during early pregnancy and stored in a national biobank.
The mean vitamin D levels during pregnancy were 25.0 (SD 14.4) nmol/L for immigrant mothers of cases, 25.4 (SD 15.5) for immigrant mothers of controls and 42.3 (SD 19.1) for Finnish mothers of controls. Low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy were not associated with the selected developmental disorders in offspring when immigrant mothers of cases were compared to immigrant mothers of controls (adjusted OR for continuous log-transformed vitamin D: 1.01, 95% CI 0.75-1.36, p = 0.96). When immigrant mothers of cases were compared to Finnish mothers of controls, the adjusted OR for continuous vitamin D was 18.94 (95% CI 11.47-31.25), p <0.001). The results were similar when vitamin D was examined as a categorical variable or divided into quintiles.
Prenatal vitamin D levels were low, and similar, among immigrant mothers of cases with selected developmental disorders and unaffected controls. This indicates that vitamin D unlikely mediates previously observed associations between maternal immigrant status and the selected developmental disorders in offspring. The proportion of immigrant mothers with severe vitamin D deficiency was very high, which underlines the importance of prenatal counselling and overall public health efforts to improve immigrant health.
产前维生素 D 缺乏是移民中常见的健康问题。 以前没有研究在移民样本中检查产前维生素 D 水平与语言、学术技能和协调发育障碍之间的关系。
该样本包括 542 名有语言、学术、协调或混合发育障碍的病例的移民母亲、443 名无这些障碍的对照移民母亲和 542 名芬兰对照母亲。 在妊娠早期采集血清样本并储存在国家生物库中，以测量母体维生素 D。
病例移民母亲怀孕期间的平均维生素 D 水平为 25.0（SD 14.4）nmol/L，对照移民母亲为 25.4（SD 15.5）nmol/L，芬兰对照母亲为 42.3（SD 19.1）nmol/L。 与对照移民母亲相比，移民病例母亲怀孕期间的低母体维生素 D 水平与后代的选定发育障碍无关（连续对数转换维生素 D 的调整比值比：1.01，95%CI 0.75-1.36，p=0.96）。 与芬兰对照母亲相比，连续维生素 D 的调整比值比为 18.94（95%CI 11.47-31.25），p<0.001）。 当维生素 D 作为分类变量或分为五分位数进行检查时，结果相似。
有选定发育障碍和未受影响对照的病例移民母亲的产前维生素 D 水平较低且相似。 这表明维生素 D 不太可能介导先前观察到的母体移民身份与后代选定发育障碍之间的关联。 严重维生素 D 缺乏的移民母亲比例非常高，这突显了产前咨询和整体公共卫生努力改善移民健康的重要性。
