Leppäluoto J
Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Finland.
Ann Clin Res. 1988;20(4):240-3.
Finnish sauna is heated by the radiation energy of an electrical or wood burning stove resulting in high air temperature, 80-100 degrees C, and low air humidity levels, 50-60 g/kg of air. Sauna bathing is divided into several 5-20 min sessions and between the sessions several minutes are spent at normal room temperature. Finnish sauna presents a heat load of 300-600 W/m2 of skin surface area. This increases mean skin temperature to 40-41 degrees C, causes strong heat sensations and starts thermoregulatory mechanisms. Evaporative heat transfer by sweating is the only effective channel dissipating heat from the body in sauna. Sweating is usually 0.6-1 kg/h and represents a heat loss of about 200 W/m2. The body cannot compensate for the heat load of sauna and the temperature of viscera begins to increase. A 30-minute stay in a sauna with a temperature of 80 degrees C increases rectal temperature by about 0.9 degrees C in adults whereas in children less intensive sauna (10 min at 70 degrees C) increases rectal temperature by 1.5 degrees C. The subjective feelings after Finnish sauna are usually described in positive terms such as "calm" and "pleasant".
芬兰桑拿由电炉或燃木炉的辐射能加热，导致空气温度很高，达80 - 100摄氏度，空气湿度很低，为每千克空气50 - 60克。桑拿浴分为几个5 - 20分钟的时段，时段之间会在正常室温下停留几分钟。芬兰桑拿对皮肤表面积产生的热负荷为300 - 600瓦/平方米。这会使平均皮肤温度升至40 - 41摄氏度，引发强烈的热感并启动体温调节机制。在桑拿中，通过出汗进行的蒸发散热是身体散热的唯一有效途径。出汗量通常为每小时0.6 - 1千克，相当于约200瓦/平方米的热量损失。身体无法补偿桑拿的热负荷，内脏温度开始升高。在80摄氏度的桑拿中停留30分钟，成年人的直肠温度会升高约0.9摄氏度，而儿童在强度较小的桑拿（70摄氏度下10分钟）中直肠温度会升高1.5摄氏度。芬兰桑拿后的主观感受通常用积极的词汇来描述，如“平静”和“愉悦”。
