Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, CHU-Sart-Tilman, B23, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 May;32(5):869-876. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01529-9. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Competition has been shown to improve motivation and physical performance in young people. This method has been rarely studied in older people.
To evaluate the feasibility of senior physical activity (PA) contests between two nursing homes and to assess changes in the motivational level and physical performance of the residents over time.
Residents from two Belgian nursing homes were invited to participate in PA contests. A pretest and three contest sessions were organized over a period of 3 months. The activities proposed were body balance, gait speed, sit-to-stand performance, arm curl and address tests. Feasibility was measured by contest session adherence (expected score > 80%), difficulty scores (expected score < 40%) and appreciation scores (expected score > 80%). Motivational questionnaires were administered: the BREQ-2 (assessing amotivation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, intrinsic motivation and external motivation) and the A-PMCEQ (assessing ego- and task-involving climates). Friedman's analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes in physical performance and motivational levels.
Of the 24 participants, seven did not complete all sessions because of medical or personal reasons not related to the study. During the three sessions, the adherence was 86%, the mean difficulty score was 30.8% and the satisfaction score was 87%. After three sessions, residents experienced a significant decrease ranged from 3 to 0 point for amotivation (p = 0.03), 1 to 0 point for external motivation (p = 0.03) and 2.5 to 2 points for ego-involving climate (p = 0.02) and a significant improvement ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 m/s for gait speed (p < 0.001), 18.5 to 15.6 s for sit-to-stand performance (p < 0.001) and 11.5 to 15 curls for arm curl scores (p < 0.001).
In nursing home settings, senior PA contests are feasible and may improve the motivational climate and physical performance.
竞争已被证明能提高年轻人的积极性和身体素质。这种方法在老年人中很少被研究。
评估在两家养老院之间举办老年人体育竞赛的可行性，并评估居民的激励水平和身体素质随时间的变化。
邀请两家比利时养老院的居民参加体育竞赛。在 3 个月的时间内组织了预测试和 3 个竞赛阶段。提出的活动包括身体平衡、步速、坐站表现、手臂卷曲和演讲测试。通过竞赛阶段的参与度（预期分数>80%）、难度分数（预期分数<40%）和满意度分数（预期分数>80%）来衡量可行性。进行了激励问卷评估：BREQ-2（评估动机缺乏、内摄调节、认同调节、内在动机和外在动机）和 A-PMCEQ（评估自我和任务涉及的氛围）。采用 Friedman 方差分析评估身体表现和激励水平的变化。
24 名参与者中，有 7 人因与研究无关的医疗或个人原因未能完成所有阶段。在三个阶段中，参与率为 86%，平均难度分数为 30.8%，满意度分数为 87%。经过三个阶段，居民的动机缺乏从 3 分降至 0 分（p=0.03），外在动机从 1 分降至 0 分（p=0.03），自我涉及氛围从 2.5 分降至 2 分（p=0.02），步速从 0.7 分提高至 0.9 米/秒（p<0.001），坐站表现从 18.5 秒提高至 15.6 秒（p<0.001），手臂卷曲成绩从 11.5 次提高至 15 次（p<0.001）。
在养老院环境中，老年人体育竞赛是可行的，可能会改善激励氛围和身体素质。
