Department of Psychology.
Psychol Rev. 2020 Oct;127(5):655-671. doi: 10.1037/rev0000184. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Psychophysical studies on confidence construction are often grounded in bidimensional signal detection theory (SDT) and its relatives. However, these studies often stand on oversimplified assumptions of (a) bidimensional variance-equality and (b) bidimensional statistical independence. The present study simulated 2-alternative forced-choice and confidence rating performances, incorporating more empirically plausible variance-covariance structures. One prominent observation is that superior metacognitive accuracy can be achieved when one applies a heuristic in which the response-incongruent dimension of information is ignored. This is because such an heuristic takes advantage of the specific unequal-variance structure, which paradoxically cannot be easily exploited if both dimensions are evaluated together. Furthermore, under a variety of internal statistical structures, this simple heuristic predicts dissociations of objective decision and subjective metacognition, which have been empirically observed. Also, it provides a tentative account of some behavioral features of blindsight. Therefore, this surprisingly simple decision heuristic may inspire novel perspectives on metacognition and consciousness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
关于置信构建的心理物理学研究通常基于二维信号检测理论（SDT）及其相关理论。然而，这些研究往往基于（a）二维方差均等和（b）二维统计独立性的过于简化的假设。本研究模拟了 2 种替代强制选择和置信度评分表现，纳入了更符合经验的方差协方差结构。一个突出的观察结果是，当应用一种启发式方法忽略信息的不一致维度时，可以实现更好的元认知准确性。这是因为这种启发式方法利用了特定的不等方差结构，如果同时评估两个维度，这种结构就不容易被利用。此外，在各种内部统计结构下，这种简单的启发式方法可以预测客观决策和主观元认知的分离，这已经在经验上得到了观察。它还为盲视的一些行为特征提供了一个初步的解释。因此，这种令人惊讶的简单决策启发式方法可能会为元认知和意识提供新的视角。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
