Primary Care Providers Involvement in Caring for Young Adults with Complex Chronic Conditions Exiting Pediatric Care: An Integrative Literature Review.

The transition to adulthood is a critical time for everyone to build independence, experience new things, and become self-sufficient. With medical advances, individuals with complex chronic conditions are surviving into adulthood. As such they withstand additional challenges during this stage of their life including; facing a discontinuity of care, loss of prior health-care networks and champions, and a shift toward increased responsibility and self-management of their conditions. Often this shift results in the need for primary care providers to act as care managers, coordinating care and supporting the young adult as they navigate adulthood. In exploring the role of primary care providers with this population we reviewed the literature to identify what strategies primary care providers can use to enhance the transition process for young adults ages 15 to 25 years with complex chronic conditions exiting pediatric services. An integrative literature review approach was used to systematically search the contemporary literature. Applying inclusion criteria and quality assessment of relevant research and gray literature we identified 12 studies that warranted detailed review and analysis. Analysis of the studies highlighted four key themes: relationships, fear and anxiety, preparedness, and communication and collaboration. It was evident that health-care transition for young adults with complex chronic conditions was complicated by their psychosocial development and extensive health and service needs. Health-care transition is a team effort influenced by local contexts, resources, and relational practices. Both groups of primary care providers and young adults must be prepared prior to transition if they are to become immersed and engaged in this work. The population of young adults with complex chronic conditions exiting pediatric care will continue to grow as access to care delivery and medical technology continue to expand. While health-care transition for this population is complicated by extensive needs and psychosocial development, primary care providers can act as key supports in employing strategies to enhance the transition process for these young adults.