Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2020 Jan-Mar;783:108296. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296. Epub 2020 Jan 11.
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal of attention because of their outstanding combinations of physicochemical properties. The unique physicochemical properties of CNMs have made them promising nanomaterials (NMs) for a large number of applications. However, these size-dependent properties serve as a double-edged sword, which makes them fascinating materials with specific features. In particular, some health hazards have been associated with exposure to NMs. Among these hazards, genotoxicity has been the subject of intense research due to its role in inducing cancer-causing inheritable mutations. High reactivity, agglomeration tendency, and a high surface-to-volume ratio of CNMs make their interactions with biological moieties unknown, complicated, and multifactorial-dependent. In this regard, the genotoxicity of each part of the CNMs family must be evaluated and considered together with other parameters. Because of the increasing application of CNMs in everyday goods and products, as well as the growth in the potential exposure of humans to CNMs, there is a critical need to assess the genotoxic potential of each part of the CNMs family. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the potential genotoxicity of CNMs and explore risk assessment strategies to quickly screen and assess emerging CNMs. It is critical to pay equal attention to both nongenotoxic and genotoxic CNMs, because some CNMs identified as nongenotoxic NMs may promote or aid the progression of the tumors.
碳基纳米材料（CNMs）因其出色的物理化学特性组合而备受关注。CNMs 的独特物理化学特性使它们成为许多应用的有前途的纳米材料（NMs）。然而，这些尺寸依赖性的特性是一把双刃剑，使它们成为具有特定特征的迷人材料。特别是，一些与暴露于 NM 相关的健康危害已引起关注。在这些危害中，由于其在诱导致癌遗传突变中的作用，遗传毒性已成为研究的重点。CNMs 的高反应性、团聚倾向和高表面积与体积比使它们与生物分子的相互作用未知、复杂和多因素依赖。在这方面，必须评估和考虑 CNMs 家族的每个部分的遗传毒性，以及其他参数。由于 CNMs 在日常用品和产品中的应用越来越多，以及人类潜在暴露于 CNMs 的增加，因此迫切需要评估 CNMs 家族的每个部分的遗传毒性潜力。因此，本综述的主要目的是概述 CNMs 的潜在遗传毒性，并探讨风险评估策略，以快速筛选和评估新兴的 CNMs。同样需要关注非遗传毒性和遗传毒性的 CNMs，因为一些被鉴定为非遗传毒性 NM 的 CNMs 可能会促进或帮助肿瘤的进展。
