Excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of amoxicillin by AgNPs and their conjugates synthesized using crude flavonoid extracts.

UNLABELLED

Antibacterial resistance is considered to be one of the major causes for mortality in coming years. In recent years green nanotechnology played a key role in addressing this problem. Biocompatible metal nanoparticles have gained popularity owing to their excellent therapeutic effects and minimal side effects.

METHOD

We report the synthesis of AgNPs and their amoxicillin conjugates (Ag-amoxi) using crude flavonoid extracts. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized NPs and Ag-amoxi conjugates were systematically evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques.

RESULTS

The average sizes of AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugates were 45 and 62 nm, respectively. We have also explored the antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of the AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugates through in and in analysis. The Ag-amoxi conjugates showed better antibacterial potential against (S.P), (S.A), (P.A), and (MRSA) strain both the drug and AgNPs. Similarly, in anti-inflammatory studies revealed that both Ag-amoxi (68 %) and AgNPs (64 %) had strong anti-inflammatory effects, with (***p < 0.001) significance at a dose of 10 mg kg body weight as compared to standard, amoxicillin (45 %), and flavonoids extract (48 %) at a dose of 100 mg kg. The findings of the antinociceptive activities (writhing and hot plate tests) demonstrated that the Ag-amoxi conjugates produced fewer writhing (15 in 20 s) and a shorter latency time of 22 s as compared to vehicle-treated (tramadol) animals, amoxicillin, and P.E at much lower doses. In antioxidant studies revealed that the Ag-amoxi conjugate has the potential to be used as an antioxidant with an IC value of 43.58, compared with AgNPs (46.34), amoxicillin (58.17), compared to the standard of ascorbic acid (34.14).

CONCLUSION

These results reveals that these biologically inspired AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugate could be used to improve antibiotic efficiency and could play a critical role in addressing the multidrug resistance problem in coming years.