Damulewicz Milena, Mazzotta Gabriella M
Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Front Physiol. 2020 Mar 5;11:99. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00099. eCollection 2020.
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light, first identified in and then in and mice. They are evolutionarily conserved and play fundamental roles in the circadian clock of living organisms, enabling them to adapt to the daily 24-h cycles. The role of CRYs in circadian clocks differs among different species: in plants, they have a blue light-sensing activity whereas in mammals they act as light-independent transcriptional repressors within the circadian clock. These two different functions are accomplished by two principal types of CRYs, the light-sensitive plant/insect type 1 CRY and the mammalian type 2 CRY acting as a negative autoregulator in the molecular circadian clockwork. possesses just one CRY, belonging to type 1 CRYs. Nevertheless, this single CRY appears to have different functions, specific to different organs, tissues, and even subset of cells in which it is expressed. In this review, we will dissect the multiple roles of this single CRY in , focusing on the regulatory mechanisms that make its pleiotropy possible.
隐花色素（CRYs）是对蓝光敏感的黄素蛋白，最初在[具体物种1]中被鉴定出来，随后在[具体物种2]和小鼠中也被发现。它们在进化上是保守的，在生物体的生物钟中发挥着重要作用，使生物体能够适应每日24小时的周期。CRYs在不同物种的生物钟中的作用有所不同：在植物中，它们具有蓝光感应活性，而在哺乳动物中，它们在生物钟内作为不依赖光的转录抑制因子发挥作用。这两种不同的功能是由两种主要类型的CRYs实现的，即光敏感的植物/昆虫1型CRY和在分子生物钟机制中作为负向自调节因子的哺乳动物2型CRY。[具体物种3]仅拥有一种CRY，属于1型CRYs。然而，这种单一的CRY似乎具有不同的功能，具体取决于其表达的不同器官、组织甚至细胞亚群。在这篇综述中，我们将剖析这种单一CRY在[具体物种3]中的多种作用，重点关注使其多效性成为可能的调控机制。
