Selmi Okba, Ouergui Ibrahim, Levitt Danielle E, Marzouki Hamza, Knechtle Beat, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Bouassida Anissa
High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.
Biol Sport. 2022 Mar;39(2):319-327. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.104065. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
The study examined the relationship between psychometric status, neuromuscular, and biochemical markers of fatigue in response to an intensified training (IT) period in soccer. Fifteen professional soccer players volunteered to participate in the study (mean ± SD: age: 25 ± 1 years; body height: 179 ± 7 cm, body mass: 73.7 ± 16.2 kg, experience: 13.2 ± 3 years). Training load, monotony, strain, Hooper index and total quality recovery (TQR) were determined for each training session during a 2-week of IT. Counter-movement jump (CMJ) and biochemical responses [testosterone, cortisol, testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C ratio), creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein] were collected before and after IT. Results showed that IT induced significant increases in cortisol, creatine kinase and C-reactive protein and significant decreases in T/C ratio and CMJ performance from before to after IT (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). However, testosterone did not differ from before to after IT (p > 0.05). Training loads were positively correlated with Hooper index (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with total quality recovery (p < 0.05). Hooper index was positively correlated with cortisol (p < 0.05), T/C ratio (p < 0.01), and creatine kinase (p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with CMJ (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TQR was negatively correlated with T/C ratio (p < 0.01), creatine kinase (p < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with CMJ (p < 0.01). Neuromuscular fatigue, muscle damage, and change in the anabolic/catabolic state induced by the IT were related to well-being and perceived recovery state among professional soccer players.
该研究考察了足球运动员在强化训练（IT）期间，心理测量状态、神经肌肉和疲劳生化指标之间的关系。15名职业足球运动员自愿参与该研究（平均值±标准差：年龄：25±1岁；身高：179±7厘米，体重：73.7±16.2千克，经验：13.2±3年）。在为期2周的强化训练期间，测定每次训练课的训练负荷、单调性、压力、霍珀指数和总体质量恢复（TQR）。在强化训练前后收集反向运动跳跃（CMJ）和生化反应[睾酮、皮质醇、睾酮与皮质醇比值（T/C比值）、肌酸激酶和C反应蛋白]。结果显示，强化训练导致皮质醇、肌酸激酶和C反应蛋白显著增加，T/C比值和CMJ表现从强化训练前到强化训练后显著下降（分别为p<0.01、p<0.001、p<0.001、p<0.01、p<0.05）。然而，强化训练前后睾酮水平无差异（p>0.05）。训练负荷与霍珀指数呈正相关（p<0.05），与总体质量恢复呈负相关（p<0.05）。霍珀指数与皮质醇（p<0.05）、T/C比值（p<0.01）和肌酸激酶（p<0.01）呈正相关，与CMJ呈负相关（p<0.05）。此外，总体质量恢复与T/C比值（p<0.01）、肌酸激酶（p<0.001）和C反应蛋白（p<0.05）呈负相关，与CMJ呈正相关（p<0.01）。强化训练引起的神经肌肉疲劳、肌肉损伤以及合成代谢/分解代谢状态的变化与职业足球运动员的幸福感和感知恢复状态有关。
