De La Salle University, SHS-STEM, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Philippines.
Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Philippines.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(10):11954-11961. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08380-5. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Bio-waste materials from aquatic species are alternative sources of chitin and chitosan-high-value natural biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. More than 250,000 metric tons of shell, scale, and carapace waste are produced in the Philippines. An evaluation of the quality of raw chitin and chitosan yields from the bio-waste materials of Asian green mussel (Perna viridis), tropical oyster (Crassostrea iredalei), milkfish (Chanos chanos), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and king mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is needed for the sustainable sourcing. The mild extraction method done in this study showed significantly higher yields of chitin and chitosan for S. serrata and P. viridis (p = 0.001), with chemical structure confirmed through FTIR-ATR analysis. Elemental analysis showed pure extracts from S. serrata, P. viridis, and C. iredalei (N = 6.43-7.01%; DA = 98.7-104.1%). Extracts from the fish scales have high moisture content and glycoprotein contamination. Protein content, determined using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, was found to be significantly less in P. viridis and may be related to the fineness of particle size after grinding. It is recommended to improve the protocol to increase yield across all bio-waste materials, including additional tests to determine the quality of chitin and chitosan extracted, and to check water and oil holding capacities of the extracts to identify the best downstream applications of the varied chitin and chitosan qualities from each source.
水生生物的生物废料是甲壳素和壳聚糖的替代来源——这是两种具有高附加值的天然可生物降解和生物相容的聚合物。菲律宾每年产生超过 25 万吨的贝壳、鳞片和甲壳废料。为了实现可持续的原材料供应，需要对亚洲翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）、热带牡蛎（Crassostrea iredalei）、虱目鱼（Chanos chanos）、罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）和锯缘青蟹（Scylla serrata）的生物废料进行甲壳素和壳聚糖的原料质量评估。本研究采用的温和提取方法，显著提高了锯缘青蟹和翡翠贻贝的甲壳素和壳聚糖得率（p=0.001），通过傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）分析确认了其化学结构。元素分析表明，锯缘青蟹、翡翠贻贝和太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea iredalei）的提取物均为纯品（N=6.43-7.01%；脱乙酰度（DA）=98.7-104.1%）。鱼鳞片提取物的含水量和糖蛋白污染较高。采用紫外可见分光光度法测定蛋白质含量，发现翡翠贻贝的蛋白质含量明显较低，这可能与研磨后颗粒细度有关。建议改进该方案以提高所有生物废料的产率，包括进行更多测试以确定提取的甲壳素和壳聚糖的质量，并检查提取物的持水和持油能力，以确定每种来源的不同甲壳素和壳聚糖品质的最佳下游应用。
