Henao David, Navarrete Miguel, Valderrama Mario, Le Van Quyen Michel
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Neurosci Res. 2020 Jul;156:271-278. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.03.004. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Oscillations of neural excitability shape sensory, motor or cognitive processes. Furthermore, a large body of research demonstrates that intrinsic oscillations are entrained by external rhythms, allowing a simple and efficient way to enhance human brain functions. As an external stimulation source, repeating acoustic stimuli have been shown to provide a possible pacing signal for modulating the electrical activity recorded by the electroencephalogram (EEG). In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how rhythmic auditory stimulation can selectively modulate EEG oscillations. Despite growing evidence, recent evidence suggests that standard methods of data analysis are often insufficient for a definite proof of entrainment in some instances. In particular, we stressed that the complexity of the elicited modulations, often varying in phase and frequency on a short timescale, requires time-frequency measures that are better appropriate to analyze driven brain phenomena. Once entrainment is clearly established, one can assess the specificity of its expression, thus providing a better understanding of the physiology underlying brain modulation and a faster translation to treatment programs in various psychopathologic conditions.
神经兴奋性的振荡塑造了感觉、运动或认知过程。此外，大量研究表明，内在振荡会被外部节律所牵引，这为增强人类大脑功能提供了一种简单而有效的方式。作为一种外部刺激源，重复的听觉刺激已被证明可为调节脑电图（EEG）记录的电活动提供一种可能的起搏信号。在本综述中，我们讨论了在理解节律性听觉刺激如何选择性调节EEG振荡方面的最新进展。尽管证据越来越多，但最近的证据表明，在某些情况下，标准的数据分析方法往往不足以明确证明存在牵引现象。特别是，我们强调，所引发的调制的复杂性，通常在短时间尺度上相位和频率都会变化，这需要更适合分析受驱动的脑现象的时频测量方法。一旦明确建立了牵引关系，就可以评估其表达的特异性，从而更好地理解大脑调制背后的生理学，并更快地转化为各种精神病理状况下的治疗方案。
