Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University.
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 Sep;119(3):672-694. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000290. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
Previous research suggests that having close relationships is a fundamental human need that, when fulfilled, is positively associated with subjective well-being. Recently, however, scholars have argued that actually interacting with one's closest partners may be psychologically taxing (e.g., because of pressures to provide support, care, and empathy). In the present research, we tested (a) how experiential affect varied as a function of which persons were currently present (e.g., romantic partners, friends, and colleagues), as well as (b) how global well-being varied as a function of total daily time invested in these individuals. Replicating previous research, participants reported the highest levels of experiential well-being in the company of their friends, followed by their romantic partners, and then children. Statistically controlling for the activities performed with others, however, suggested that individuals did not necessarily prefer the mere company of their friends per se: people reported similar levels of well-being while in the presence of friends, partners, and children when adjusting estimates for activities. In contrast to the experiential findings, global well-being varied only as a function of total time spent with one's romantic partner. Our findings further support the claim that experiential and global well-being are often separable constructs that may show different patterns of association with relationship experiences (e.g., well-being may operate differently on within- vs. between-persons levels). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
先前的研究表明，拥有亲密的人际关系是人类的基本需求，这种需求得到满足时，会与主观幸福感呈正相关。然而，最近学者们认为，与最亲密的伴侣实际互动可能会带来心理压力（例如，因为需要提供支持、照顾和同理心）。在本研究中，我们检验了（a）体验情感如何随当前在场的人（例如，浪漫伴侣、朋友和同事）的不同而变化，以及（b）整体幸福感如何随与这些人每天投入的总时间的变化而变化。研究结果复制了先前的研究，参与者报告说，在朋友的陪伴下体验到的幸福感最高，其次是浪漫伴侣，然后是孩子。然而，通过控制与他人一起进行的活动进行统计分析，表明人们并不一定喜欢朋友的单纯陪伴：当根据活动调整估计值时，人们在有朋友、伴侣和孩子陪伴时报告的幸福感水平相似。与体验结果相反，整体幸福感仅随与浪漫伴侣共度的总时间而变化。我们的研究结果进一步支持了这样一种观点，即体验幸福感和整体幸福感通常是可分离的结构，它们与关系体验的关联模式可能不同（例如，幸福感在人际内和人际间水平上的作用可能不同）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
