Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Feb;57(1):373-381. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1372-0. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Low birth weight and being small for gestational age are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the results from the studies examining the associations between high birth weight (HBW), being large for gestational age (LGA), and high blood pressure (HBP) are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between HBW and being LGA alone and in combinations with body mass index (BMI) categories in adolescence and HBP among Lithuanian adolescents aged 12-15 years.
The participants with HBP (≥90th percentile) were screened on two separate occasions. Data on the BMI, birth weight (BW), gestational age, and BP were analyzed in 4598 adolescents. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.
The overall prevalence of HBW (>4000 g), being LGA, adolescent overweight/obesity, and HBP were 13.9, 10.4, 14.5, and 25.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, significant positive associations were found between HBW and being LGA and HBP (HBW: aOR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11-1.63; LGA: aOR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16-1.79). After adjustment for age and sex and compared to BW 2500-4000 g and being AGA (appropriate for gestational age) with normal weight in adolescence, the combinations that included both risk factors-HBW with overweight/obesity and being LGA with overweight/obesity-showed higher aORs (aOR 4.36; 95% CI, 3.04-6.26; and aOR 5.03; 95% CI, 3.33-7.60, respectively) than those with either of these risk factors alone did.
HBW and being LGA were positively associated with HBP in Lithuanian adolescents aged 12-15 years. The highest odds of having HBP were observed for subjects with both risk factors-neonatal HBW or being LGA and overweight/obesity in adolescence.
低出生体重和小于胎龄儿与心血管代谢疾病风险增加有关。然而，研究中检查高出生体重（HBW）、大于胎龄儿（LGA）和高血压（HBP）之间关联的结果并不一致。本研究旨在评估在立陶宛 12-15 岁青少年中，HBW 和 LGA 单独以及与身体质量指数（BMI）类别组合与 HBP 之间的关联。
在两次单独的就诊中筛查出 HBP（≥第 90 百分位数）的参与者。对 4598 名青少年的 BMI、出生体重（BW）、胎龄和 BP 数据进行分析。使用多变量 logistic 回归模型估计关联的调整后比值比（aOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
HBW（>4000 g）、LGA、青少年超重/肥胖和 HBP 的总体患病率分别为 13.9%、10.4%、14.5%和 25.6%。在调整年龄、性别和 BMI 后，HBW 与 LGA 和 HBP 之间存在显著的正相关关系（HBW：aOR 1.34；95%CI，1.11-1.63；LGA：aOR 1.44；95%CI，1.16-1.79）。与 BW 2500-4000 g 和 AGA（胎龄适当）且青少年体重正常相比，在调整年龄和性别后，包含这两个危险因素的组合（HBW 伴超重/肥胖和 LGA 伴超重/肥胖）显示出更高的 aOR（aOR 4.36；95%CI，3.04-6.26；aOR 5.03；95%CI，3.33-7.60），高于仅存在其中一个危险因素的情况。
在立陶宛 12-15 岁青少年中，HBW 和 LGA 与 HBP 呈正相关。在同时存在这两个危险因素（新生儿 HBW 或 LGA 伴超重/肥胖）的受试者中，HBP 的发生几率最高。
