Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 23;17(6):2117. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062117.
This opinion piece highlights the role of migratory birds in the spread of ticks and their role in the circulation and dissemination of pathogens in Europe. Birds with different lifestyles, i.e., non-migrants residing in a specific area, or short-, medium-, and long-distance migrants, migrating within one or several distant geographical regions are carriers of a number of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During seasonal migrations, birds that cover long distances over a short time and stay temporarily in different habitats can introduce tick and pathogen species in areas where they have never occurred. An increase in the geographical range of ticks as well as the global climate changes affecting the pathogens, vectors, and their hosts increase the incidence and the spread of emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. Tick infestations of birds varied between regions depends on the rhythms of tick seasonal activity and the bird migration rhythms determined by for example, climatic and environmental factors. In areas north of latitude ca. 58°N, immature ticks are collected from birds most frequently, whereas ticks from the group dominate in areas below 42°N. We concluded that the prognosis of hazards posed by tick-borne pathogens should take into account changes in the migration of birds, hosts of many epidemiologically important tick species.
这篇观点文章强调了候鸟在传播蜱虫以及在欧洲传播和扩散病原体方面的作用。不同生活方式的鸟类，即居住在特定区域的非迁徙鸟类，或短距离、中距离和长距离迁徙鸟类，在一个或多个遥远的地理区域内迁徙，是许多蜱虫和蜱传病原体的携带者。在季节性迁徙过程中，鸟类在短时间内覆盖长距离，并在不同的栖息地临时停留，可能会在从未出现过的地区引入蜱虫和病原体。蜱虫的地理范围扩大以及影响病原体、媒介和宿主的全球气候变化，增加了世界各地新发蜱传疾病的发病率和传播。鸟类的蜱虫感染情况因地区而异，这取决于蜱虫季节性活动的节奏和鸟类迁徙节奏，这些节奏由气候和环境等因素决定。在北纬约 58°以北的地区，从鸟类身上采集到的未成熟蜱虫最为常见，而在北纬 42°以下地区，组的蜱虫占主导地位。我们的结论是，蜱传病原体造成的危害预测应考虑到鸟类迁徙的变化，因为许多具有流行病学重要性的蜱虫物种的宿主是鸟类。
