Skrypnik Liubov, Maslennikov Pavel, Feduraev Pavel, Pungin Artem, Belov Nikolay
Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Universitetskaya str., 2, Kaliningrad 236040, Russia.
Institute of Environmental Management, Urban Development and Spatial Planning, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Zoologicheskaya str., 2, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Mar 23;9(3):394. doi: 10.3390/plants9030394.
Green spaces are very important for an urban environment. Trees in cities develop under more stressful conditions and are, therefore, more susceptible to parasite including mistletoe infestation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological, microclimatic, and landscape factors causing the spread of European mistletoe ( L.) in urban conditions. The most numerous hosts of mistletoe were (24.4%), (22.7%), and (16.7%). On average, there were more than 10 mistletoe bushes per tree. The mass mistletoe infestations (more than 50 bushes per the tree) were detected for , , and . The largest number of infected trees was detected in the green zone (city parks), historical housing estates, and green zone along water bodies. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA), the main factors causing the spread of mistletoe on the urban territories are trees' age and relative air humidity. The factors reflecting environmental pollution (the content of heavy metals in the soil and the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air) did not statistically affect the mistletoe distribution in the study area. However, this result may be due to the heterogeneity of other parameters in the studied areas. Therefore, additional research is required to more accurately interpret the data on the relationship between environmental pollutions and distribution of mistletoe infestation of trees in urban areas.
绿地对城市环境非常重要。城市中的树木在压力更大的条件下生长，因此更容易受到包括槲寄生侵扰在内的寄生虫侵害。本研究的目的是调查导致欧洲槲寄生（Viscum album L.）在城市环境中传播的生态、微气候和景观因素。槲寄生数量最多的寄主是杨树（24.4%）、柳树（22.7%）和榆树（16.7%）。平均每棵树上有10多株槲寄生灌木丛。在杨树、柳树和榆树上检测到大量槲寄生侵扰（每棵树超过50株灌木丛）。在绿色区域（城市公园）、历史住宅区和水体沿岸的绿色区域检测到感染树木的数量最多。基于主成分分析（PCA）的结果，导致槲寄生在城市地区传播的主要因素是树木的年龄和相对空气湿度。反映环境污染的因素（土壤中重金属含量和空气中二氧化氮浓度）在统计上对研究区域内槲寄生的分布没有影响。然而，这一结果可能是由于研究区域内其他参数的异质性。因此，需要进行更多研究，以更准确地解释城市地区环境污染与树木槲寄生侵扰分布之间关系的数据。
