Selmi Okba, Ouergui Ibrahim, Levitt Danielle E, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Knechtle Beat, Bouassida Anissa
Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.
Open Access J Sports Med. 2020 Mar 4;11:77-84. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S244512. eCollection 2020.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSG) have been applied and tested for athletes in order to enhance the soccer performance. For this reason, this experimental study aimed to compare the effects of SSGs and HIIT on power, physiological responses and perceived enjoyment.
Sixteen youth soccer players (age, 17.5±0.6 years, mean±standard deviation; height, 178.2±6.4 cm; body mass, 70.4±5.4 kg; body fat, 10.6±0.8%) completed one session each of HIIT and SSG on separate days with 1 week between sessions. Each session lasted 25 mins (4x4 mins work with 3 mins of passive recovery in-between). SSGs consisted of 4 versus 4 player games on a 25×35 m pitch, and HIIT consisted of intermittent 15-s runs at 110% maximal aerobic speed separated by 15 s of passive recovery. Psychological responses following each protocol were assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Heart rate (HR) was continuously recorded, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and lactate concentration [La] were measured after each training session. Lower body muscular power was assessed using the 5-jump test relative to leg length (5JT-relative) before and after each training session, where greater average distance per stride over five sequential jumping strides indicated greater muscular power.
HIIT and SSG showed no significant difference in HR, RPE and [La] responses (p=0.70, ES=0.11; p=0.61, ES=0.08 and p=0.38, ES=0.21, respectively). 5JT-relative decreased significantly for SSG and HIIT (p<0.05, ES=0.50 and p<0.05, ES=0.40, respectively). PACES score was greater in SSG compared to HIIT (ES=5.35, p<0.001).
HIIT and SSG sessions induced similar physiological responses; however, SSGs induced a higher enjoyment level than HIIT. Coaches could choose between these training modalities according to the objective of their training session, considering the enjoyment-related advantages of SSGs.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和小型比赛（SSG）已被应用于运动员并进行测试，以提高足球运动表现。因此，本实验研究旨在比较小型比赛和高强度间歇训练对力量、生理反应和感知乐趣的影响。
16名青少年足球运动员（年龄17.5±0.6岁，平均值±标准差；身高178.2±6.4厘米；体重70.4±5.4千克；体脂10.6±0.8%）在不同日期分别完成一次高强度间歇训练和小型比赛，两次训练之间间隔1周。每次训练持续25分钟（4组每组4分钟训练，组间有3分钟被动恢复）。小型比赛在25×35米的场地进行4对4比赛，高强度间歇训练包括以最大有氧速度的110%进行15秒的间歇跑，间歇15秒进行被动恢复。每次训练方案后的心理反应使用体育活动乐趣量表（PACES）进行评估。连续记录心率（HR），每次训练后测量主观用力程度（RPE）和乳酸浓度[La]。在每次训练前后，使用相对于腿长的5跳测试（5JT-relative）评估下肢肌肉力量，连续5次跳跃步幅中每步平均距离越大表明肌肉力量越大。
高强度间歇训练和小型比赛在心率、主观用力程度和乳酸浓度反应方面无显著差异（p = 0.70，效应量=0.11；p = 0.61，效应量=0.08；p = 0.38，效应量=0.21）。小型比赛和高强度间歇训练的5JT-relative均显著下降（p<0.05，效应量分别为0.50和0.40）。与高强度间歇训练相比，小型比赛的PACES得分更高（效应量=5.35，p<0.001）。
高强度间歇训练和小型比赛训练引起相似的生理反应；然而，小型比赛比高强度间歇训练带来更高的乐趣水平。教练可以根据训练课的目标在这些训练方式之间进行选择，同时考虑小型比赛在乐趣方面的优势。
